difflib模块

 difflib是python提供的比较序列(string list)差异的模块。实现了三个类：
1>SequenceMatcher 任意类型序列的比较 (可以比较字符串)
2>Differ 对字符串进行比较
3>HtmlDiff 将比较结果输出为html格式.

SequenceMatcher实例:

 

import difflib from pprint import pprint   a = 'pythonclub.org is wonderful' b = 'Pythonclub.org also wonderful' s = difflib.SequenceMatcher(None, a, b)   print "s.get_matching_blocks():" pprint(s.get_matching_blocks()) print  print "s.get_opcodes():" for tag, i1, i2, j1, j2 in s.get_opcodes():     print ("%7s a[%d:%d] (%s) b[%d:%d] (%s)" %  (tag, i1, i2, a[i1:i2], j1, j2, b[j1:j2]))

 

输出为：

 

s.get_matching_blocks(): [(1, 1, 14), (16, 17, 1), (17, 19, 10), (27, 29, 0)] s.get_opcodes(): replace a[0:1] (p) b[0:1] (P)   equal a[1:15] (ythonclub.org ) b[1:15] (ythonclub.org ) replace a[15:16] (i) b[15:17] (al)   equal a[16:17] (s) b[17:18] (s)  insert a[17:17] () b[18:19] (o)   equal a[17:27] ( wonderful) b[19:29] ( wonderful)

 

SequeceMatcher(None,a,b)创建序列比较对象，将以a作为参考标准进行
Sequecematcher(None,b,a)创建序列比较对象，将以b作为参考标准进行
a,b表示待比较的两个序列，生成序列比较对象后，调用该对象的get_opcodes()方法，将返回一个元组(tag,i1,i2,j1,j2).tag表示序列分片的比较结果.i1,i2表示序列a的索引，j1,j2表示序列b的索引.
get_opcodes()返回元组(tag,i1,i2,j1,j2)的含义

 

tag值	处理过程
Replace	a[i1,i2]被b[j1,j2]替换
Delete	a[i1,i2]分片被删除，此时j1等会j2
Insert	b[j1.j2]插入到a[i1,i2]位置处，此时的i1等会i2
Equal	a[i1,i2]等于b[j1,j2]

 

 

Differ实例:

 

>>> import difflib >>> diff = difflib.Differ().compare("start up","starT u4p")      >>> print "/n".join(list(diff))   s   t   a   r - t + T       u + 4   p

 

 

HtmlDiff实例：

 

from difflib import * s = HtmlDiff.make_file(HtmlDiff(),"start up","storT up") f=open(r"/root/xukai.html","w") f.write(s) f.close

 

在页面访问xukai.html,效果如下图：