Linux - 使用setuid位进行提权

Linux - 使用setuid位进行提权

业务需求

设计一个计分程序，程序文件的owner=thesre；计分文件的owner=thesre，mode=644。
要求：

• 该计分程序可以被其它非root账号执行，并对计分文件进行更新；

分析需求

由于计分文件的权限为644，只能被其owner更新。而上述要求中，又提到说其它非root账号通过执行该计分程序对计分文件进行更新。
这里，我们就要利用setuid的优势来完成该程序的开发了。

setuid能做什么

简单地说setuid，就是运行程序时，能够临时将权限提升至程序owner的权限，然后做一些只有程序owner才能有权限的操作。
像普通用户执行passwd修改密码、执行at命令设置一次性定时任务，都是利用这个原理来实现提权的操作。

下面我们就来看看本需求的代码实现。

代码

/* filename: caber-toss.c */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>


/* Remember the effective and real UIDs. */
static uid_t euid, ruid;
char* SCORES_FILE = "/tmp/scores.txt";
char* cuserid(char *string);

/* Restore the effective UID to its original value. */
void
do_setuid (void)
{
  int status;

#ifdef _POSIX_SAVED_IDS
  status = seteuid (euid);
#else
  status = setreuid (ruid, euid);
#endif
  if (status < 0) {
    fprintf (stderr, "Couldn't set uid.\n");
    exit (status);
  }
}


/* Set the effective UID to the real UID. */
void
undo_setuid (void)
{
  int status;

#ifdef _POSIX_SAVED_IDS
  status = seteuid (ruid);
#else
  status = setreuid (euid, ruid);
#endif
  if (status < 0) {
    fprintf (stderr, "Couldn't set uid.\n");
    exit (status);
  }
}


/* Record the score. */
int
record_score (int score)
{
  FILE *stream;
  char *myname;

  /* Open the scores file. */
  do_setuid ();
  stream = fopen (SCORES_FILE, "a");
  undo_setuid ();

  /* Write the score to the file. */
  if (stream) {
      myname = cuserid (NULL);
      if (score < 0)
        fprintf (stream, "%10s: Couldn't lift the caber.\n", myname);
      else
        fprintf (stream, "%10s: %d feet.\n", myname, score);
      fclose (stream);
      return 0;
  }
  else
    return -1;
}


/* Main program. */
int
main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
  int feet_in_int;
  /* Parse arguments */
  if ( argc == 2 ) {
    feet_in_int = atoi(argv[1]);
    printf ("You're adding %d feet.\n", feet_in_int);
  }
  else {
    printf ("# of args is wrong.\n");
    exit(-1);
  }
  /* Remember the real and effective user IDs.  */
  ruid = getuid ();
  euid = geteuid ();
  printf ("Current ruid is %d, euid is %d\n", ruid, euid);
  undo_setuid ();

  /* Do the game and record the score with checking exception.  */
  if (record_score (feet_in_int) == -1) {
    printf("Error: failed to write file %s.\n", SCORES_FILE);
  }
}

编译

thesre@HP-Z420-Workstation:~/c_programming$ gcc -o ./caber-toss caber-toss.c 
thesre@HP-Z420-Workstation:~/c_programming$ ls -al ./caber-toss
-rwxrwxr-x 1 thesre thesre 17408 6月  28 22:34 ./caber-toss

测试

程序文件未加setuid

thesre@HP-Z420-Workstation:~/c_programming$ ls -al ./caber-toss
-rwxrwxr-x 1 thesre thesre 17408 6月  28 22:34 ./caber-toss

thesre账号运行，

thesre@HP-Z420-Workstation:~/c_programming$ ./caber-toss 2
You're adding 2 feet.
Current ruid is 1000, euid is 1000
thesre@HP-Z420-Workstation:~/c_programming$ cat /tmp/scores.txt
    thesre: 2 feet.
thesre@HP-Z420-Workstation:~/c_programming$ ls -al /tmp/scores.txt
-rw-rw-r-- 1 thesre thesre 20 6月  28 22:35 /tmp/scores.txt

thesre02（非计分文件owner）运行，可以是看到更新失败的！

thesre02@HP-Z420-Workstation:~$ id
用户id=1002(thesre02) 组id=1002(thesre02) 组=1002(thesre02)
thesre02@HP-Z420-Workstation:~$ ~thesre/c_programming/caber-toss 5
You're adding 5 feet.
Current ruid is 1002, euid is 1002
Error: failed to write file /tmp/scores.txt.
thesre02@HP-Z420-Workstation:~$

程序文件加setuid

thesre@HP-Z420-Workstation:~/c_programming$ chmod u+s ./caber-toss
thesre@HP-Z420-Workstation:~/c_programming$ ls -al ./caber-toss
-rwsrwxr-x 1 thesre thesre 17408 6月  28 22:34 ./caber-toss

thesre账号运行，

thesre@HP-Z420-Workstation:~/c_programming$ ./caber-toss 10
You're adding 10 feet.
Current ruid is 1000, euid is 1000
thesre@HP-Z420-Workstation:~/c_programming$ cat /tmp/scores.txt
    thesre: 2 feet.
    thesre: 10 feet.
thesre@HP-Z420-Workstation:~/c_programming$ 

thesre02（非计分文件owner）运行，这次我们成功地将/tmp/scores.txt文件更新！！！

thesre@HP-Z420-Workstation:~/c_programming$ su - thesre02
Password: 
thesre02@HP-Z420-Workstation:~$ ~thesre/c_programming/caber-toss 20
You're adding 20 feet.
Current ruid is 1002, euid is 1000
thesre02@HP-Z420-Workstation:~$ cat /tmp/scores.txt
    thesre: 2 feet.
    thesre: 10 feet.
  thesre02: 20 feet.
thesre02@HP-Z420-Workstation:~$ 

参考资料

https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Setuid-Program-Example.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setuid

https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/setuid.2.html