python 调用 c++类

转载自:http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7161349/help-required-using-a-class-in-extension-dll-through-ctypes test.cpp: #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; class A { string name; public: A(const string& name) { this->name = name; cout << name << ": signing on" << endl; } ~A() { cout << name << ": signing off" << endl; } void someFunc() { cout << name << ": calling someFunc" << endl; } }; extern "C" { __declspec(dllexport) A *A_new(const char *name) { return new A(string(name)); } __declspec(dllexport) void A_someFunc(A *obj) { obj->someFunc(); } __declspec(dllexport) void A_destruct(A *obj) { delete obj; } } test.py: import ctypes lib = ctypes.CDLL('test.dll') def opaque_ptr(name): cls = type(name, (ctypes.Structure,), {}) return ctypes.POINTER(cls) class A(object): _A = opaque_ptr('CPP_A') lib.A_new.restype = _A lib.A_new.argtypes = ctypes.c_char_p, lib.A_destruct.argtypes = _A, lib.A_someFunc.argtypes = _A, def __init__(self, name, func=lib.A_new): self._obj = func(name.encode('ascii')) def __del__(self): self.destruct() def __enter__(self): return self def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback): self.destruct() def destruct(self, func=lib.A_destruct): if self._obj: func(self._obj) self._obj = None def some_func(self, func=lib.A_someFunc): if not self._obj: raise RuntimeError func(self._obj) with A('test') as a: a.some_func() Output: test: signing on test: calling someFunc test: signing off FYI, WinDLL is a subclass of CDLL. The only change is that it sets_FUNCFLAG_STDCALL in the flags of the function pointers that it creates instead of_FUNCFLAG_CDECL. cdll and windll are LibraryLoader instances. These are more useful in Windows, which automatically supplies the .dll extension. For example, you can usecdll.test.A_new. When used like this,cdll caches the loadedCDLL instance, which in turn caches function pointers. Due to the above caching, avoid using the global loader instances when creating a library. Yourargtypes,restype, and errcheck definitions on function pointers may conflict with other libraries. Instead useCDLL or a private loader such ascdll = LibraryLoader(CDLL). Also, cdll.LoadLibrary returns an non-cached instance of CDLL. There's no reason to ever call it in place of usingCDLL directly.