PAT Basic Level 1095 解码PAT准考证 解题思路及AC代码 v0.99

1. 题目简述及在线测试位置

1.1 已知考生准考证号和成绩，统计如下内容：（1）由高向低输出指定级别的考生成绩（2）统计指定考点的考生人数和总得分 （3）统计指定日期的考点和其对应的考生人数
1.2 在线测试位置： 1095 解码PAT准考证

2. 基本思路

2.1 使用结构体数组存储考生信息：通过分离准考证号（字符串）可以得到 考试等级、考试地点、考试时间

#define MAX 10000

struct Student
{
	string ID; //准考证号
	int Score; //得分
	char Grade; //考试等级
	int ExamRoom; //考试地点
	int Date; //考试日期
};
struct Student Stu[MAX]; 

2.2 对于 从高到低输出指定级别的考生成绩：对结构体数组，第一优先级按成绩排序、第二优先级按准考证号字典序排序，然后遍历数组，打印指定级别的考生信息

bool Compare(struct Student a, struct Student b)
{
	if (a.Score != b.Score)
		return a.Score > b.Score;
	else
		return a.ID < b.ID;
}

2.3 对于 统计指定考点的总得分：遍历结构体数组的考点信息元素，通过判定语句识别指定的考点并统计相关信息即可
2.4 对于 统计指定日期的考点和其对应的考生人数 ：遍历结构体数组的考试时间元素，通过判定语句识别指定日期，将统计信息存储到另一个结构体数组RoomPeople中
之后排序，第一排序优先级是考试人数、第二优先级是考点的字典序，随后打印

struct Record
{
	int Room;
	int PeopleNum;
};
struct Record RoomPeople[1000];
bool CompareRecord(struct Record a, struct Record b)
{
	if (a.PeopleNum != b.PeopleNum)
		return a.PeopleNum > b.PeopleNum;
	else
		return a.Room < b.Room;	
}

2.5 注意：当输出考试日期时，必须是6位字符串，因此不能使用整型直接存储日期信息。另外，cin cout的效率远比 scanf printf低得多，会触发测试点超时

3. 完整AC代码

#include <algorithm>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

#define MAX 10000

struct Student
{
	string ID;
	int Score;
	char Grade;
	int ExamRoom;
	int Date;
};

struct Record
{
	int Room;
	int PeopleNum;
};

bool CompareRecord(struct Record a, struct Record b)
{
	if (a.PeopleNum != b.PeopleNum)
		return a.PeopleNum > b.PeopleNum;
	else
		return a.Room < b.Room;	
}

bool Compare(struct Student a, struct Student b)
{
	if (a.Score != b.Score)
		return a.Score > b.Score;
	else
		return a.ID < b.ID;
}

void Separate(struct Student S[], int Index, string ID);

int main()
{
	int RecordNum, QuestionNum,Instrument;
	
	scanf("%d %d", &RecordNum, &QuestionNum);

	struct Student Stu[MAX]; 
	char ID[13]; int Score;

	for (int i = 0; i < RecordNum; i++)
	{
		scanf("%s %d", &ID, &Score);
		ID[13] = '\0';

		Stu[i].ID = ID;
		Stu[i].Score = Score;
		Separate(Stu, i, ID);
	}

	bool ResultFlag; //用于标示是否存在符合查询条件的结果，默认不存在
	for(int Case=1; Case<= QuestionNum; Case++)
	{
		ResultFlag = false;
		scanf("%d ", &Instrument);

		if (Instrument == 1)
		{
			sort(Stu, Stu + RecordNum, Compare);
			char Grade; 
			scanf("%c", &Grade);
			printf("Case %d: %d %c\n", Case, Instrument, Grade);

			for (int i = 0; i < RecordNum; i++)
			{
				if (Stu[i].Grade == Grade)
				{
					printf("%s %d\n", Stu[i].ID.c_str(), Stu[i].Score);
					ResultFlag = true;
				}	
			}

			if (!ResultFlag)
				printf("NA\n");
		}
		else if (Instrument == 2)
		{
			int ExamRoom, StuNum = 0, Sum = 0;
			scanf("%d", &ExamRoom);
			printf("Case %d: %d %d\n", Case, Instrument, ExamRoom);

			for (int i = 0; i < RecordNum; i++)
			{
				if (Stu[i].ExamRoom == ExamRoom)
				{
					ResultFlag = true;
					StuNum++;
					Sum += Stu[i].Score;
				}
			}

			if (ResultFlag)
				printf("%d %d\n", StuNum,Sum);
			else
				printf("NA\n"); 
		}
		else if (Instrument == 3)
		{
			int Date; char StrDate[7];
			scanf("%s",StrDate);
			StrDate[6] = '\0';

			Date = stoi(StrDate);

		    //注意日期的输出格式：必须是六位 010101，所以通过字符的形式输出
			printf("Case %d: %d %s\n", Case, Instrument, StrDate);

			struct Record RoomPeople[1000];
			for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
			{
				RoomPeople[i].PeopleNum = 0;
				RoomPeople[i].Room = i;
			}
			
			for (int i = 0; i < RecordNum; i++)
			{
				if (Stu[i].Date == Date)
				{
					RoomPeople[Stu[i].ExamRoom].PeopleNum++;
					ResultFlag = true;
				}
			}

			if (ResultFlag)
			{
				sort(RoomPeople, RoomPeople + 1000, CompareRecord);

				for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
				{
					if (!RoomPeople[i].PeopleNum)
						break;
					else
						printf("%d %d\n", RoomPeople[i].Room, RoomPeople[i].PeopleNum);
				}
			}
			else
				printf("NA\n");	
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

void Separate(struct Student S[], int Index, string ID)
{	
	S[Index].Grade = ID[0]; //0 mean Grade

	char ExamRoom[4]; int Count = 0;
	for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) //1-3 mean ExamRoom
		ExamRoom[Count++] = ID[i];
	ExamRoom[Count] = '\0';
	S[Index].ExamRoom = stoi(ExamRoom);

	char Date[7]; Count = 0;
	for (int i = 4; i <= 9; i++)//4-9 mean Exam's Date
		Date[Count++] = ID[i];
	Date[Count] = '\0';
	S[Index].Date = stoi(Date);

	return;
}