C++ 原始读取 BMP 图片并显示出来

//ReadBitMap
//
#include <string.h> 
#include <math.h>   
#include <stdio.h>   
#include <stdlib.h>   
#include <malloc.h>




#define   WIDTHBYTES(bits) (((bits)+31)/32*4)


typedef unsigned char BYTE;
typedef unsigned short WORD;
typedef unsigned long DWORD;
typedef long LONG;




//位图文件头信息结构定义
//其中不包含文件类型信息(由于结构体的内存结构决定,要是加了的话将不能正确读取文件信息)
//
//typedef struct tagBITMAPFILEHEADER {
//
//	DWORD bfSize;           //文件大小
//	WORD   bfReserved1; 	//保留字,不考虑
//	WORD   bfReserved2; 	//保留字,同上
//	DWORD bfOffBits;        //实际位图数据的偏移字节数,即前三个部分长度之和
//} BITMAPFILEHEADER; 




//信息头BITMAPINFOHEADER,也是一个结构,其定义如下:


// typedef struct tagBITMAPINFOHEADER{
// 	//public:
// 	DWORD   biSize;         	//指定此结构体的长度,为40
// 	LONG    biWidth;       		//位图宽
// 	LONG    biHeight;       	//位图高
// 	WORD    biPlanes;       	//平面数,为1
// 	WORD    biBitCount;     	//采用颜色位数,可以是1,2,4,8,16,24,新的可以是32
// 	DWORD   biCompression;  	//压缩方式,可以是0,1,2,其中0表示不压缩
// 	DWORD   biSizeImage;    	//实际位图数据占用的字节数
// 	LONG    biXPelsPerMeter;	//X方向分辨率
// 	LONG    biYPelsPerMeter;	//Y方向分辨率
// 	DWORD   biClrUsed;      	//使用的颜色数,如果为0,则表示默认值(2^颜色位数)
// 	DWORD   biClrImportant; 	//重要颜色数,如果为0,则表示所有颜色都是重要的
// } BITMAPINFOHEADER; 




//调色板Palette,当然,这里是对那些需要调色板的位图文件而言的。24位和32位是不需要调色板的。
//(似乎是调色板结构体个数等于使用的颜色数。)


// typedef struct tagRGBQUAD { 
// 	//public:
// 	BYTE     rgbBlue; //该颜色的蓝色分量
// 	BYTE     rgbGreen; //该颜色的绿色分量
// 	BYTE     rgbRed; //该颜色的红色分量
// 	BYTE     rgbReserved; //保留值
// } RGBQUAD;






void showBmpHead(BITMAPFILEHEADER* pBmpHead)
{
	printf("位图文件头:\n");
	printf("文件大小:%d\n",pBmpHead->bfSize);
	printf("保留字:%d\n",pBmpHead->bfReserved1);
	printf("保留字:%d\n",pBmpHead->bfReserved2);
	printf("实际位图数据的偏移字节数:%d\n",pBmpHead->bfOffBits);


}




void showBmpInforHead(tagBITMAPINFOHEADER* pBmpInforHead)
{
	printf("位图信息头:\n");
	printf("结构体的长度:%d\n",pBmpInforHead->biSize);
	printf("位图宽:%d\n",pBmpInforHead->biWidth);
	printf("位图高:%d\n",pBmpInforHead->biHeight);
	printf("biPlanes平面数:%d\n",pBmpInforHead->biPlanes);
	printf("biBitCount采用颜色位数:%d\n",pBmpInforHead->biBitCount);
	printf("压缩方式:%d\n",pBmpInforHead->biCompression);
	printf("biSizeImage实际位图数据占用的字节数:%d\n",pBmpInforHead->biSizeImage);
	printf("X方向分辨率:%d\n",pBmpInforHead->biXPelsPerMeter);
	printf("Y方向分辨率:%d\n",pBmpInforHead->biYPelsPerMeter);
	printf("使用的颜色数:%d\n",pBmpInforHead->biClrUsed);
	printf("重要颜色数:%d\n",pBmpInforHead->biClrImportant);
}


void showRgbQuan(tagRGBQUAD* pRGB, HDC hdc)
{ 
	//printf("(%-3d,%-3d,%-3d)   ",pRGB->rgbRed,pRGB->rgbGreen,pRGB->rgbBlue);


}






void readbmp3()
{


	BITMAPFILEHEADER   bitHead;
	BITMAPINFOHEADER bitInfoHead; 
	//FILE* pfile;


	//char strFile[50];
	printf("please input the .bmp file name:\n");
	//scanf("%s",strFile);
	//char *strFile = "a.bmp";


	//pfile = fopen(strFile,"rb");//打开文件


	FILE *pfile = fopen("a.bmp", "rb");


	if(pfile!=NULL)
	{
		printf("file bkwood.bmp open success.\n");
		//读取位图文件头信息
		WORD fileType;
		//fread(&fileType,1,sizeof(WORD),pfile);
// 		if(fileType != 0x4d42)
// 		{
// 			printf("file is not .bmp file!");
// 			return;
// 		}
		//fseek(pfile,2,SEEK_CUR);   // "BM"
		fread(&bitHead,sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER), 1, pfile);


		//showBmpHead(&bitHead);
		//printf("\n\n");


		//读取位图信息头信息
		fread(&bitInfoHead,sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER),1,pfile);
		//showBmpInforHead(&bitInfoHead);
		//printf("\n");
	}
	else
	{
		printf("file open fail!\n");
		return;
	}




	tagRGBQUAD *pRgb ;


	if(bitInfoHead.biBitCount < 24)//有调色板
	{ 
		//读取调色盘结信息
		long nPlantNum = long(pow(2,double(bitInfoHead.biBitCount)));    //   Mix color Plant Number;
		pRgb=(tagRGBQUAD *)malloc(nPlantNum*sizeof(tagRGBQUAD)); 
		memset(pRgb,0,nPlantNum*sizeof(tagRGBQUAD));
		int num = fread(pRgb,4,nPlantNum,pfile);


		printf("Color Plate Number: %d\n",nPlantNum);


		printf("颜色板信息:\n");
		for (int i =0; i<nPlantNum;i++)
		{
			if (i%5==0)
			{
				printf("\n");
			}
			//showRgbQuan(&pRgb[i]);


		}


		printf("\n");


	}




	int width = bitInfoHead.biWidth;
	int height = bitInfoHead.biHeight;
	//分配内存空间把源图存入内存   
	int l_width   = WIDTHBYTES(width* bitInfoHead.biBitCount);//计算位图的实际宽度并确保它为32的倍数
	BYTE    *pColorData=(BYTE *)malloc(height*l_width);   
	memset(pColorData,0,height*l_width);   
	long nData = height*l_width;


	//把位图数据信息读到数组里   
	fread(pColorData,1,nData,pfile);   






	//将位图数据转化为RGB数据
	tagRGBQUAD* dataOfBmp;
	dataOfBmp = (tagRGBQUAD *)malloc(width*height*sizeof(tagRGBQUAD));//用于保存各像素对应的RGB数据
	memset(dataOfBmp,0,width*height*sizeof(tagRGBQUAD));


	HWND hWnd = GetForegroundWindow();
	HDC hdc = GetDC(hWnd);
	if(bitInfoHead.biBitCount<24)//有调色板,即位图为非真彩色 
	{
		int k;
		int index = 0;
		if (bitInfoHead.biBitCount == 1)
		{
			for(int i=0;i<height;i++)
				for(int j=0;j<width;j++)
				{
					BYTE mixIndex= 0;
					k = i*l_width + j/8;//k:取得该像素颜色数据在实际数据数组中的序号
					//j:提取当前像素的颜色的具体值    
					mixIndex = pColorData[k];
					switch(j%8)
					{
					case 0:
						mixIndex = mixIndex<<7;
						mixIndex = mixIndex>>7;
						break;
					case 1:
						mixIndex = mixIndex<<6;
						mixIndex = mixIndex>>7;
						break;
					case 2:
						mixIndex = mixIndex<<5;
						mixIndex = mixIndex>>7;
						break;


					case 3:
						mixIndex = mixIndex<<4;
						mixIndex = mixIndex>>7;
						break;
					case 4:
						mixIndex = mixIndex<<3;
						mixIndex = mixIndex>>7;
						break;


					case 5:
						mixIndex = mixIndex<<2;
						mixIndex = mixIndex>>7;
						break;
					case 6:
						mixIndex = mixIndex<<1;
						mixIndex = mixIndex>>7;
						break;


					case 7:
						mixIndex = mixIndex>>7;
						break;
					}


					//将像素数据保存到数组中对应的位置
					dataOfBmp[index].rgbRed = pRgb[mixIndex].rgbRed;
					dataOfBmp[index].rgbGreen = pRgb[mixIndex].rgbGreen;
					dataOfBmp[index].rgbBlue = pRgb[mixIndex].rgbBlue;
					dataOfBmp[index].rgbReserved = pRgb[mixIndex].rgbReserved;
					index++;


				}
		}


		if(bitInfoHead.biBitCount==2)
		{
			for(int i=0;i<height;i++)
				for(int j=0;j<width;j++)
				{
					BYTE mixIndex= 0;
					k = i*l_width + j/4;//k:取得该像素颜色数据在实际数据数组中的序号
					//j:提取当前像素的颜色的具体值    
					mixIndex = pColorData[k];
					switch(j%4)
					{
					case 0:
						mixIndex = mixIndex<<6;
						mixIndex = mixIndex>>6;
						break;
					case 1:
						mixIndex = mixIndex<<4;
						mixIndex = mixIndex>>6;
						break;
					case 2:
						mixIndex = mixIndex<<2;
						mixIndex = mixIndex>>6;
						break;
					case 3:
						mixIndex = mixIndex>>6;
						break;
					}


					//将像素数据保存到数组中对应的位置
					dataOfBmp[index].rgbRed = pRgb[mixIndex].rgbRed;
					dataOfBmp[index].rgbGreen = pRgb[mixIndex].rgbGreen;
					dataOfBmp[index].rgbBlue = pRgb[mixIndex].rgbBlue;
					dataOfBmp[index].rgbReserved = pRgb[mixIndex].rgbReserved;
					index++;




				}
		}
		if(bitInfoHead.biBitCount == 4)
		{
			for(int i=0;i<height;i++)
				for(int j=0;j<width;j++)
				{
					BYTE mixIndex= 0;
					k = i*l_width + j/2;
					mixIndex = pColorData[k];
					if(j%2==0)
					{//低      
						mixIndex = mixIndex<<4;
						mixIndex = mixIndex>>4;
					}
					else
					{//高
						mixIndex = mixIndex>>4;
					}


					dataOfBmp[index].rgbRed = pRgb[mixIndex].rgbRed;
					dataOfBmp[index].rgbGreen = pRgb[mixIndex].rgbGreen;
					dataOfBmp[index].rgbBlue = pRgb[mixIndex].rgbBlue;
					dataOfBmp[index].rgbReserved = pRgb[mixIndex].rgbReserved;
					index++;


				}


		}
		if(bitInfoHead.biBitCount == 8)
		{
			for(int i=0;i<height;i++)
				for(int j=0;j<width;j++)
				{
					BYTE mixIndex= 0;


					k = i*l_width + j;


					mixIndex = pColorData[k];


					dataOfBmp[index].rgbRed = pRgb[mixIndex].rgbRed;
					dataOfBmp[index].rgbGreen = pRgb[mixIndex].rgbGreen;
					dataOfBmp[index].rgbBlue = pRgb[mixIndex].rgbBlue;
					dataOfBmp[index].rgbReserved = pRgb[mixIndex].rgbReserved;
					index++;






				}
		}
		if(bitInfoHead.biBitCount == 16)
		{
			for(int i=0;i<height;i++)
				for(int j=0;j<width;j++)
				{
					WORD mixIndex= 0;


					k = i*l_width + j*2;
					WORD shortTemp;
					shortTemp = pColorData[k+1];
					shortTemp = shortTemp<<8;


					mixIndex = pColorData[k] + shortTemp;


					dataOfBmp[index].rgbRed = pRgb[mixIndex].rgbRed;
					dataOfBmp[index].rgbGreen = pRgb[mixIndex].rgbGreen;
					dataOfBmp[index].rgbBlue = pRgb[mixIndex].rgbBlue;
					dataOfBmp[index].rgbReserved = pRgb[mixIndex].rgbReserved;
					index++;
				}
		}
	}
	else//位图为24位真彩色
	{
		int k;
		int index = 0;
		for(int i=0;i<height;i++)
			for(int j=0;j<width;j++)
			{
				k = i*l_width + j*3;
				dataOfBmp[index].rgbRed = pColorData[k+2];   
				dataOfBmp[index].rgbGreen = pColorData[k+1];   
				dataOfBmp[index].rgbBlue = pColorData[k];    
				index++;
				//SetPixel(hdc, j, height-i, RGB(pColorData[k+2],pColorData[k+1],pColorData[k]));
			}            
	}




	printf("像素数据信息:\n");
	tagRGBQUAD* pRGB = 0;


	int x, y;
	for (int i=0; i<width*height; i++)
	{
// 		if (i%5==0)
// 		{
// 			printf("\n");
// 		}
		
		//showRgbQuan(&dataOfBmp[i], hdc);
		
		pRGB = &dataOfBmp[i];
		x = i%width;
		y = height - ((int)i/width);
		SetPixel(hdc, 40+x, 40+y, RGB(pRGB->rgbRed,pRGB->rgbGreen,pRGB->rgbBlue));
		
	}
	ReleaseDC(hWnd, hdc);


	fclose(pfile); 
	if (bitInfoHead.biBitCount<24)
	{
		free(pRgb);
	}
	free(dataOfBmp);
	free(pColorData);
	printf("\n");


}






#define MAX_LOADSTRING 100


// 全局变量:
HINSTANCE hInst;								// 当前实例
TCHAR szTitle[MAX_LOADSTRING];					// 标题栏文本
TCHAR szWindowClass[MAX_LOADSTRING];			// 主窗口类名


// 此代码模块中包含的函数的前向声明:
ATOM				MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance);
BOOL				InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int);
LRESULT CALLBACK	WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
INT_PTR CALLBACK	About(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);


int APIENTRY _tWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
                     HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                     LPTSTR    lpCmdLine,
                     int       nCmdShow)
{
	UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(hPrevInstance);
	UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(lpCmdLine);


 	// TODO: 在此放置代码。
	MSG msg;
	HACCEL hAccelTable;


	// 初始化全局字符串
	LoadString(hInstance, IDS_APP_TITLE, szTitle, MAX_LOADSTRING);
	LoadString(hInstance, IDC_READBMP3, szWindowClass, MAX_LOADSTRING);
	MyRegisterClass(hInstance);


	// 执行应用程序初始化:
	if (!InitInstance (hInstance, nCmdShow))
	{
		return FALSE;
	}


	hAccelTable = LoadAccelerators(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_READBMP3));


	// 主消息循环:
	while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
	{
		if (!TranslateAccelerator(msg.hwnd, hAccelTable, &msg))
		{
			TranslateMessage(&msg);
			DispatchMessage(&msg);
		}
	}


	return (int) msg.wParam;
}






//
//  函数: MyRegisterClass()
//
//  目的: 注册窗口类。
//
//  注释:
//
//    仅当希望
//    此代码与添加到 Windows 95 中的“RegisterClassEx”
//    函数之前的 Win32 系统兼容时,才需要此函数及其用法。调用此函数十分重要,
//    这样应用程序就可以获得关联的
//    “格式正确的”小图标。
//
ATOM MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance)
{
	WNDCLASSEX wcex;


	wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);


	wcex.style			= CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
	wcex.lpfnWndProc	= WndProc;
	wcex.cbClsExtra		= 0;
	wcex.cbWndExtra		= 0;
	wcex.hInstance		= hInstance;
	wcex.hIcon			= LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_READBMP3));
	wcex.hCursor		= LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
	wcex.hbrBackground	= (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
	wcex.lpszMenuName	= MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_READBMP3);
	wcex.lpszClassName	= szWindowClass;
	wcex.hIconSm		= LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_SMALL));


	return RegisterClassEx(&wcex);
}


//
//   函数: InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int)
//
//   目的: 保存实例句柄并创建主窗口
//
//   注释:
//
//        在此函数中,我们在全局变量中保存实例句柄并
//        创建和显示主程序窗口。
//
BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow)
{
   HWND hWnd;


   hInst = hInstance; // 将实例句柄存储在全局变量中


   hWnd = CreateWindow(szWindowClass, szTitle, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
      CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);


   if (!hWnd)
   {
      return FALSE;
   }


   ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);
   UpdateWindow(hWnd);


   return TRUE;
}


//
//  函数: WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM)
//
//  目的: 处理主窗口的消息。
//
//  WM_COMMAND	- 处理应用程序菜单
//  WM_PAINT	- 绘制主窗口
//  WM_DESTROY	- 发送退出消息并返回
//
//
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
	int wmId, wmEvent;
	PAINTSTRUCT ps;
	HDC hdc;


	switch (message)
	{
	case WM_COMMAND:
		wmId    = LOWORD(wParam);
		wmEvent = HIWORD(wParam);
		// 分析菜单选择:
		switch (wmId)
		{
		case IDM_ABOUT:
			DialogBox(hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDD_ABOUTBOX), hWnd, About);
			break;
		case IDM_EXIT:
			DestroyWindow(hWnd);
			break;
		case IDM_READBMP:
			readbmp3();
			break;
		default:
			return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
		}
		break;
	case WM_PAINT:
		hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);
		// TODO: 在此添加任意绘图代码...
		//readbmp(hdc);
		EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
		break;
	case WM_DESTROY:
		PostQuitMessage(0);
		break;
	default:
		return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
	}
	return 0;
}


// “关于”框的消息处理程序。
INT_PTR CALLBACK About(HWND hDlg, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
	UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(lParam);
	switch (message)
	{
	case WM_INITDIALOG:
		return (INT_PTR)TRUE;


	case WM_COMMAND:
		if (LOWORD(wParam) == IDOK || LOWORD(wParam) == IDCANCEL)
		{
			EndDialog(hDlg, LOWORD(wParam));
			return (INT_PTR)TRUE;
		}
		break;
	}
	return (INT_PTR)FALSE;
}

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