Go语言实现Floating-point Approximation (I)

描述

Consider the function
f: x -> sqrt(1 + x) - 1 at x = 1e-15.
We get: f(x) = 4.44089209850062616e-16
or something around that, depending on the language.
This function involves the subtraction of a pair of similar numbers when x is near 0 and the results are significantly erroneous in this region. Using pow instead of sqrt doesn’t give better results.
A “good” answer is 4.99999999999999875… * 1e-16.
Can you modify f(x) to give a good approximation of f(x) in the neigbourhood of 0?

分析

当两个非常接近0的浮点数做减法时，会出现结果不精确的情况。我们可以通过将减法转换为其它运算解决这个问题。
由：$(\sqrt{1+x}+1)\times (\sqrt{1+x}-1)=x$
得到：$\sqrt{1+x}-1=\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x}+1}$

实现

import "math"

func F(x float64) float64 {
  return x / (math.Sqrt(float64(1 + x)) + 1)
}