struts 2.1.6 "Unable to load configuration"异常

严重: Exception starting filter struts2
Unable to load configuration. - bean - jar:file:/D:/Program%20Files/Apache%20Software%20Foundation/Tomcat%206.0/webapps/Test01/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-convention-plugin-2.1.6.jar!/struts-plugin.xml:30:119
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:58)
 at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration(Dispatcher.java:360)
 at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:403)
 at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher.init(FilterDispatcher.java:190)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:275)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.setFilterDef(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:397)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.<init>(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:108)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:3709)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:4363)
 at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.checkResources(HostConfig.java:1116)
 at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.check(HostConfig.java:1214)
 at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java:293)
 at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:117)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.backgroundProcess(ContainerBase.java:1337)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$ContainerBackgroundProcessor.processChildren(ContainerBase.java:1601)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$ContainerBackgroundProcessor.processChildren(ContainerBase.java:1610)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$ContainerBackgroundProcessor.run(ContainerBase.java:1590)
 at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:619)
Caused by: Unable to load bean: type:com.opensymphony.xwork2.UnknownHandler class:org.apache.struts2.convention.ConventionUnknownHandler - bean - jar:file:/D:/Program%20Files/Apache%20Software%20Foundation/Tomcat%206.0/webapps/Test01/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-convention-plugin-2.1.6.jar!/struts-plugin.xml:30:119
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.register(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:222)
 at org.apache.struts2.config.StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.register(StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.java:101)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reloadContainer(DefaultConfiguration.java:165)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:55)
 ... 17 more
Caused by: Bean type interface com.opensymphony.xwork2.UnknownHandler with the name default has already been loaded by bean - jar:file:/D:/Program%20Files/Apache%20Software%20Foundation/Tomcat%206.0/webapps/Test01/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-codebehind-plugin-2.1.6.jar!/struts-plugin.xml:29:122 - bean - jar:file:/D:/Program%20Files/Apache%20Software%20Foundation/Tomcat%206.0/webapps/Test01/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-convention-plugin-2.1.6.jar!/struts-plugin.xml:30:119
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.register(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:206)
 ... 20 more
2009-4-6 14:44:18 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext start
严重: Error filterStart
2009-4-6 14:44:18 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext start
严重: Context [/Test01] startup failed due to previous errors

 

 

解决方案：
与以前的struts 2.0.14不同，导入struts Library jar包是不要导入过多的包，只需要导入下图中我在Struts 2.1.6 Library中的几个包即可（具体添加jar 包可以参考：http://blog.csdn.net/thirdprince/archive/2009/04/06/4052057.aspx）：

注意在导入了包之后，建议把原始发布到tomcat的工程给remove掉(remove deployment)，重新发布到tomcat。我就因为没有remove掉以前在tomcat下的apps中的工程，总是出现上面的错误。