GL_BOOK_5

Chapter 6 数据存储 持久化

Android 系统提供三种方式：文件存储 、 SharedPreference 存储以及数据库
当然还可以保存到SD卡中 没有上述三种方式 安全

文件存储 ：
存：openFileOutput
FileOutputStream android.content.ContextWrapper.openFileOutput(String name, int mode)
mode :
Context.MODE_PRIVATE \ MODE_APPEND \ MODE_WORLD_WRITEABLE \ MODE_WORLD_READABLE
默认 MODE_PRIVATE 没有创建 有则覆盖旧有文件
MODE_APPEND 文件已存在就继续添加 没有就创建新的文件
后面两个 涉及安全泄露 已被在 4.2版本弃用
主要选择前两种

private void save() {
        String content = et.getText().toString().trim();
        FileOutputStream out = null;
        BufferedWriter writer = null;

        try {
            out = openFileOutput("savedfilename", Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
            writer = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(out));
            writer.write(content);
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if (writer != null) {
                    writer.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

        }
    }

取 ：
openFileInput

private String getSavedContent() {
        FileInputStream input  = null;
        BufferedReader reader  = null;
        StringBuilder content  = new StringBuilder();
        try {
            input  = openFileInput("savedfilename");
            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(input));
            String line  = "";
            while ((line = reader.readLine())!=null) {
                content.append(line);
            }
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally{
            if (reader!=null) {
                try {
                    reader.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
        return content.toString();
    }
//========
    String content  = getSavedContent();
        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(content)) {
            et.setText(content);
            et.setSelection(content.length());//光标迁移
        }

SharedPreferences 存储
SharedPreference文件的创建三种方式
在Context 下的 getSharedPreferences(name, mode)
在Activity 下的 getPreferences(mode)//默认该activity的类名
以及通过 PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(this);//当前包名为前缀

mSf = getSharedPreferences("mySFName", Context.MODE_MULTI_PROCESS);
//多线程操作同一个sf
mSf = getSharedPreferences("mySFName", Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
//自定义sf文件名
mSf = getPreferences(Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
//sf名  为 当前活动的类名
mSf = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(this);
//sf 名 当前包名为前缀

SQLite 数据库存储]

public class MyDataBaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {

    public static final String CREATE_XXTABLE = "create table xx ("
            + "id integer primary key autoincrement, " 
            + "xxname text)";
    //integer 整型 // real 浮点 // text 文本类型 // blob 二进制类型 //
    public MyDataBaseHelper(Context context, String name,
            CursorFactory factory, int version) {
        super(context, name, factory, version);
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        db.execSQL(CREATE_XXTABLE );
    }

    @Override
    public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {

    }
}

//      SQLiteOpenHelper dbheHelper  = new MyDataBaseHelper(context, name, factory, version);
        SQLiteOpenHelper dbHelper  = new MyDataBaseHelper(this, "xx.db", null, 1);
        dbHelper.getWritableDatabase();//可读写 磁盘必须充足
        dbHelper.getReadableDatabase();//只读   磁盘已满 也可调用

SQLiteOpenHelper dbHelper  = new MyDataBaseHelper(this, "xx.db", null, 2);//执行onUpgrade()

SQLiteDatabase db = dbHelper.getWritableDatabase();
        ContentValues values = new ContentValues();

        values.put("ziduanming", "duiyingleixingdezhi");
        values.put("ziduanming1", 12);
        values.put("ziduanming2", 12.12);

        db.insert("xx", null, values);

//更新name为xxx的所有数据
        values.put("yaogengxindeziduanming","xindezhi");
        db.update("xx", values, "name = ?", new String[]{"nameduiyingdezhi"});
        //删除数据
        db.delete("xx", "id = ?", new String[]{"1"});
        //查询数据
//      Cursor cursor  = db.query(table, columns, selection, selectionArgs, groupBy, having, orderBy)
        Cursor cursor  = db.query("xx", null, null, null, null, null, null);
        if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
            do {
                String name = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("name"));
//              String name  = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow("name"));
                double price  = cursor.getDouble(cursor.getColumnIndex("price"));
            } while (cursor.moveToNext());
        }
        cursor.close();

    //使用SQL操作数据库(结构化查询语言) Structured Query Language  CRUD 
        db.execSQL("insert into Book (name,author,pages,price) values(?,?,?,?)",new String[]{"myName","asen","121","48"});
        db.execSQL("update Book set price = ? where name = ?",new String[]{"92","myName"});
        db.execSQL("delete from Book where pages > ?",new String[]{"97"});
        db.rawQuery("select * from Book ", null);//除了查询数据时调用的是 SQLiteDatabase的rawQuery()方法,其他的操作方法都是调用的execSQL()方法

        db.beginTransaction();
        try {
            //DO something about db
            //db CURD

            db.setTransactionSuccessful();
        } catch (Exception e) {

        }finally{
            db.endTransaction();
        }

//  public static final String CREATE_STUDENT = 
//"create table Student (id integer primary key autoincrement,name //text,height real)";
    public static final String CREATE_STUDENT = "create table Student (id integer primary key autoincrement,name text,height real,school_id integer)";
    public static final String CREATE_SCHOOL = "create table School (id integer primary key autoincrement,name text,phone integer)";
    //integer 整型 // real 浮点 // text 文本类型 // blob 二进制类型 //
    public MyDataBaseHelper(Context context, String name,
            CursorFactory factory, int version) {
        super(context, name, factory, version);
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
        db.execSQL(CREATE_STUDENT);
        db.execSQL(CREATE_SCHOOL);
    }

    @Override
    public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
        //注意 没有break 对应的不同版本 执行 不同的多个 语句 越是低的版本 升级到最新版 执行的语句越多
        switch (oldVersion) {
        case 1:
            db.execSQL(CREATE_SCHOOL);//从1版之后开始新建 school表
        case 2:
            db.execSQL("alter table Student add column school_id integer");//2版之前（1和2）创建student表是老的sql语句（被注释掉的 没有school_id这个字段） 2版之后开始插入新的字段
        default:
            break;
        }
    }