基于pythonTk学习下画图软件基础

画图GUI基本复现（python3.tk）

程序的主要功能复现就是：

1. 绘制直线，带箭头的直线，绘制矩形，绘制椭圆，橡皮擦实现，修改颜色
2. 基本的图形绘制操作，不涉及进阶的图形处理

整体采用了面向对象的方法设计，主要学习使用tk图形界面组件的绘图要素：画板组件Canvas，鼠标事件处理逻辑和绑定关系，基本的画板组件操作的组合应用学习，canvas.create方法的使用.

该系统核心的要点，我的理解是：

如何去理解绘图中，鼠标动作与绘制工具对应的逻辑关系，并合理地进行调用方法完成功能：

比如要在绘制玩一条直线的时候，作为一次绘制操作结束来理解，以及在绘制开始前的状态设置，以便通过鼠标事件记录开始绘制的落点，并最终完成绘制

代码：

"""基本画图软件的实现"""

from tkinter import  *
from tkinter.colorchooser import *

#窗口的宽度和高度
win_width = 900
win_height = 430

class Application(Frame):

    def __init__(self,master=None,bgcolor="#0000000"):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.master = master
        self.bgcolor=bgcolor
        self.startDrawFlag = False
        self.lastDraw = 0
        self.x = 0
        self.y = 0
        self.fgcolor = "#ff0000"
        self.pack()
        self.createWidget()



    def createWidget(self):
        # 创建绘图区
        self.drawpad = Canvas(root, width=win_width, height=win_height*0.9,bg = "white")
        self.drawpad.pack()

        # 创建操作按键
        btn_start = Button(root, text="开始", name="start")
        btn_start.pack(side="left",padx="6")

        btn_pen = Button(root, text="画笔", name="pen")
        btn_pen.pack(side="left", padx="6")

        btn_rect = Button(root, text="矩形", name="rect")
        btn_rect.pack(side="left", padx="6")

        btn_circle = Button(root, text="椭圆", name="circle")
        btn_circle.pack(side="left", padx="6")

        btn_clear = Button(root, text="清屏", name="clear")
        btn_clear.pack(side="left", padx="6")

        btn_erasor = Button(root, text="橡皮", name="erasor")
        btn_erasor.pack(side="left", padx="6")

        btn_line = Button(root, text="直线", name="line")
        btn_line.pack(side="left", padx="6")


        btn_lineArrow = Button(root, text="箭头直线", name="lineArrow")
        btn_lineArrow.pack(side="left", padx="6")

        btn_color = Button(root, text="颜色", name="color")
        btn_color.pack(side="left", padx="6")

        # 事件处理
        btn_start.bind_class("Button","<1>", self.eventManager)
        self.drawpad.bind("<ButtonRelease-1>", self.stopDraw)

        #快捷键修改画笔颜色
        root.bind("<KeyPress-r>", self.kuaijiejian)
        root.bind("<KeyPress-g>", self.kuaijiejian)
        root.bind("<KeyPress-b>", self.kuaijiejian)


    def eventManager(self,event):
        name = event.widget.winfo_name()
        # print(name)
        if name == "line":
            self.drawpad.bind("<B1-Motion>", self.myline)
        elif name == "rect":
            self.drawpad.bind("<B1-Motion>", self.myRect)
        elif name == "lineArrow":
            self.drawpad.bind("<B1-Motion>", self.mylineArrow)
        elif name == "circle":
            self.drawpad.bind("<B1-Motion>", self.mycircle)
        elif name == "pen":
            self.drawpad.bind("<B1-Motion>", self.myPen)
        elif name == "erasor":
            self.drawpad.bind("<B1-Motion>", self.myErasor)
        elif name == "clear":
            self.drawpad.delete("all")
        elif name == "color":
            c = askcolor(color=self.fgcolor, title="选择画笔颜色")
            self.fgcolor = c[1]



    def stopDraw(self,event):
        self.startDrawFlag = False
        self.lastDraw = 0

    def startDraw(self,event):
        self.drawpad.delete(self.lastDraw)

        if not self.startDrawFlag:
            self.startDrawFlag = True
            self.x = event.x
            self.y = event.y

    def myline(self,event):
        self.startDraw(event)
        self.lastDraw = self.drawpad.create_line(self.x, self.y, event.x, event.y,fill=self.fgcolor)

    def mycircle(self,event):
        self.startDraw(event)
        self.lastDraw = self.drawpad.create_oval(self.x, self.y, event.x, event.y,outline=self.fgcolor)


    def mylineArrow(self,event):
        self.startDraw(event)
        self.lastDraw = self.drawpad.create_line(self.x, self.y, event.x, event.y,arrow=LAST, fill=self.fgcolor)

    def myRect(self,event):
        self.startDraw(event)
        self.lastDraw = self.drawpad.create_rectangle(self.x, self.y, event.x, event.y,outline=self.fgcolor)

    def myErasor(self,event):
        self.startDraw(event)
        self.drawpad.create_line(self.x, self.y, event.x, event.y, fill="white")
        self.x = event.x
        self.y = event.y

    def myPen(self,event):
        self.startDraw(event)
        self.drawpad.create_line(self.x, self.y, event.x, event.y, fill=self.fgcolor)
        self.x = event.x
        self.y = event.y

    def kuaijiejian(self,event):
        if event.char == "r":
            self.fgcolor = "#ff0000"
        elif event.char == "g":
            self.fgcolor = "#00ff00"
        elif event.char == "b":
            self.fgcolor = "#0000FF"


if __name__ == "__main__":
    root = Tk()
    root.geometry(str(win_width) + "x"+ str(win_height)+"+200+300")
    root.title("画图Zero")
    app = Application(master=root)
    root.mainloop()

展示图：