linux虚拟机磁盘容量扩增

虚拟机安装oracle过程中，由于磁盘空间设置过小导致安装报错，此时不需要重新安装虚拟机，可以通过扩展磁盘容量来解决

虚拟机扩充磁盘容量过程：
1：为防止意外发生（配置过程中Linux死机而导致系统崩溃），需要做一步备份整个系统操作，点击vmvare上面的虚拟机--》快照--》拍摄快照 即可（以后系统出问题可以用快照来恢复系统），然后点击虚拟机--》设置--》点击硬盘--》添加--》下一步--》下一步--》下一步--》选择虚拟磁盘大小（20G）,同时选择将虚拟磁盘存储为单个文件--》下一步--》将虚拟磁盘放在D盘或者E盘，名字自己定义，然后点击完成，物理磁盘添加完毕，然后输入reboot重启电脑
[root@ocp ~]# reboot

2：输入fdisk -l查看新的磁盘信息，理论上应该是会出现一个sdb的盘：Disk /dev/sdb:
[root@ocp ~]# fdisk -l

3：输入以下命令进行配置：
[root@ocp ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x2af23f5b.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): l

 0  Empty           24  NEC DOS         81  Minix / old Lin bf  Solaris       
 1  FAT12           39  Plan 9          82  Linux swap / So c1  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 2  XENIX root      3c  PartitionMagic  83  Linux           c4  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 3  XENIX usr       40  Venix 80286     84  OS/2 hidden C:  c6  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 4  FAT16 <32M      41  PPC PReP Boot   85  Linux extended  c7  Syrinx        
 5  Extended        42  SFS             86  NTFS volume set da  Non-FS data   
 6  FAT16           4d  QNX4.x          87  NTFS volume set db  CP/M / CTOS / .
 7  HPFS/NTFS       4e  QNX4.x 2nd part 88  Linux plaintext de  Dell Utility  
 8  AIX             4f  QNX4.x 3rd part 8e  Linux LVM       df  BootIt        
 9  AIX bootable    50  OnTrack DM      93  Amoeba          e1  DOS access    
 a  OS/2 Boot Manag 51  OnTrack DM6 Aux 94  Amoeba BBT      e3  DOS R/O       
 b  W95 FAT32       52  CP/M            9f  BSD/OS          e4  SpeedStor     
 c  W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53  OnTrack DM6 Aux a0  IBM Thinkpad hi eb  BeOS fs       
 e  W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54  OnTrackDM6      a5  FreeBSD         ee  GPT           
 f  W95 Ext'd (LBA) 55  EZ-Drive        a6  OpenBSD         ef  EFI (FAT-12/16/
10  OPUS            56  Golden Bow      a7  NeXTSTEP        f0  Linux/PA-RISC b
11  Hidden FAT12    5c  Priam Edisk     a8  Darwin UFS      f1  SpeedStor     
12  Compaq diagnost 61  SpeedStor       a9  NetBSD          f4  SpeedStor     
14  Hidden FAT16 <3 63  GNU HURD or Sys ab  Darwin boot     f2  DOS secondary 
16  Hidden FAT16    64  Novell Netware  af  HFS / HFS+      fb  VMware VMFS   
17  Hidden HPFS/NTF 65  Novell Netware  b7  BSDI fs         fc  VMware VMKCORE
18  AST SmartSleep  70  DiskSecure Mult b8  BSDI swap       fd  Linux raid auto
1b  Hidden W95 FAT3 75  PC/IX           bb  Boot Wizard hid fe  LANstep       
1c  Hidden W95 FAT3 80  Old Minix       be  Solaris boot    ff  BBT           
1e  Hidden W95 FAT1
（查看出Linux LVM所在的卷组类型：8e，下面会用到）:

4：添加磁盘分区：
Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-652, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-652, default 652):
Using default value 652

Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

5：创建物理卷组：
[root@ocp ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
  dev_is_mpath: failed to get device for 8:33
  Physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully created
[root@ocp ~]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               vg_ocp
  System ID            
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  13
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               39.50 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              10113
  Alloc PE / Size       9472 / 37.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       641 / 2.50 GiB
  VG UUID               np1Azp-RqnH-jFFV-mhlH-TItl-AmXk-Wkhe82
  
6：逻辑卷扩展：
[root@ocp ~]# vgextend vg_ocp /dev/sdc1
  Volume group "vg_ocp" successfully extended
[root@ocp ~]# lvscan
  ACTIVE            '/dev/vg_ocp/lv_root' [35.00 GiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/vg_ocp/lv_swap' [2.00 GiB] inherit
[root@ocp ~]# lvextend --size +2g /dev/vg_ocp/lv_root
  Extending logical volume lv_root to 37.00 GiB
  Logical volume lv_root successfully resized
[root@ocp ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg_ocp/lv_root
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/vg_ocp/lv_root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 3, new_desc_blocks = 3
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/vg_ocp/lv_root to 9699328 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/vg_ocp/lv_root is now 9699328 blocks long.

查看结果：
[root@ocp ~]# df -Th
Filesystem                 Type   Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_ocp-lv_root ext4    37G   19G   16G  54% /
tmpfs                      tmpfs  935M   72K  935M   1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1                  ext4   485M   40M  420M   9% /boot