Android内存泄漏检测-LeakCanary

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-07 05:04:24 发布

tiananma0607

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-07 05:04:24 发布

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分类专栏： android app基础文章标签： LeakCanary

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square/leakcanary
udacity/Sunshine-Version-2

添加LeakCanary依赖包

在主模块app下的build.gradle下添加如下依赖:

<code class="hljs bash has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">debugCompile <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'com.squareup.leakcanary:leakcanary-android:1.3.1'</span>
    releaseCompile <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'com.squareup.leakcanary:leakcanary-android-no-op:1.3.1'</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul>

这里写图片描述

开启LeakCanary

添加Application子类

首先创建一个ExampleApplication，该类继承于Application,在该类的onCreate方法中添加如下代码开启LeakCanary监控:

<code class="hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">LeakCanary.install(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>);</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>

这里写图片描述

在配置文件中注册ExampleApplication

在AndroidManifest.xml中的application标签中添加如下信息:

<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="hljs-label" style="box-sizing: border-box;">android:</span>name=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">".ExampleApplication"</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>

这里写图片描述

这个时候安装应用到手机，会自动安装一个Leaks应用，如下图:
这里写图片描述

制造一个内存泄漏的点

建立一个ActivityManager类，单例模式，里面有一个数组用来保存Activity：

<code class="hljs java has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">package</span> com.example.android.sunshine.app;

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> android.app.Activity;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> android.util.SparseArray;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> android.view.animation.AccelerateInterpolator;

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> java.util.List;

<span class="hljs-javadoc" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/**
 * Created by wuxian on 15/10/23.
 */</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">ActivityManager</span> {</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> SparseArray<Activity> container = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> SparseArray<Activity>();
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> key = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>;
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> ActivityManager mInstance;

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">ActivityManager</span>(){}

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> ActivityManager <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">getInstance</span>(){
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span>(mInstance == <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>){
            mInstance = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> ActivityManager();
        }

        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> mInstance;
    }

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">addActivity</span>(Activity activity){
        container.put(key++,activity);
    }


}
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li></ul>

然后在DetailActivity中的onCreate方法中将当前activity添加到ActivityManager的数组中:

<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"> @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.onCreate</span>(savedInstanceState)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
        setContentView(R<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.layout</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.activity</span>_detail)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
        ActivityManager<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.getInstance</span>()<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.addActivity</span>(this)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
        if (savedInstanceState == null) {
            // Create the detail fragment <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">and</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">add</span> it to the activity
            // using a fragment transaction.

            Bundle arguments = new Bundle()<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
            arguments<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.putParcelable</span>(DetailFragment<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.DETAIL</span>_URI, getIntent()<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.getData</span>())<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>

            DetailFragment fragment = new DetailFragment()<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
            fragment<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.setArguments</span>(arguments)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>

            getSupportFragmentManager()<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.beginTransaction</span>()
                    <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.add</span>(R<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.id</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.weather</span>_detail_container, fragment)
                    <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.commit</span>()<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
        }
    }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li></ul>

我们从首页跳转到详情页的时候会进入DetailActivity的onCreate的方法，然后就将当前activity添加到了数组中，当返回时，我们没把他从数组中删除。再次进入的时候，会创建新的activity 并添加到数组中，但是之前的activity仍然被引用，无法释放，但是这个activity不会再被使用，这个时候就造成了内存泄漏。我们来看看LeakCanary是如何报出这个问题的。