【Typescript -学习笔记】函数、联合类型、交叉类型

函数

// 定义函数
const fn = function(a:string,b:number):string{
	return a+b
}
let c = fn('tc',33) //tc33
// 若少一个参数，则有两种方式
//1.
const fn = function(a:string,b:number = 30):string{
	return a
}
let c = fn('tc') //tc30
//2.
const fn = function(a:string,b?:number):string{
	return a
}
let c = fn('tc')//tcundefined

//通过接口定义返回值
interface Person {
	name:string,
	age:number
}

const fn = function(user:Person):Person{
	return user
}
let t = fn({
	name:'tc',
	age:30
})
console.log(t) //{name:'tc',age:30}

函数重载

//重载是方法名字相同，参数不同，返回类型可以相同也可以不同
//若参数类型不同，则参数类型设置为 any，否则报错
//参数数量不同，将不同的参数设置为可选，否报错

function fn(p: number): void
 
function fn(p: string, p1: number): void
 
function fn(p: any, p1?: any): void {
    console.log(p)
    console.log(p1)
}
let t = fn(1) //1,undefined
let c = fn('12',34) //'12',34

联合类型

//若 定义一个变量，要支持不同的类型，则用联合类型
let t:string | number = 't'  
let t:string | number =  30 
//以上均可

//工具函数来处理1，0对应true，false
let fn = function(type:number| boolean):boolean{
	return !!type //加!!作为强制转换true false
}
let t = fn(0) //false
let c = fn(1) //true
let y = fn(false) //false
let k = fn(true) //true

交叉类型

// 两个类型合并成一个，类似于extands
interface Person {
  name: string,
  age： number
}
interface Man{
  sex: string
}
const tc = (man: People & Man) => {
  console.log(man.name)
  console.log(man.age)
  console.log(man.sex)
}
tc({'tc',age: 30,sex: 'man'});

类型断言

//格式： 值 as 类型 比如：num as string 或者<string>num
let fn = function(num:number | string){
	return num.length //会报错，改成：(num as string).length
}
let t = fn('123') // 3