C++----bool

1.操作子boolalpha通知流将bool值解析为单词（true或false），代码如下：

#include <ios>
#include <iostream>
#include <ostream>

int main()
{
  std::cout << "true=" << true << '\n';
  std::cout << "false=" << false << '\n';
  std::cout << std::boolalpha;
  std::cout << "true=" << true << '\n';
  std::cout << "false=" << false << '\n';
}

，结果为：

true=1
false=0
true=true
false=false

2.可以将许多不是bool类型的值转换为bool类型，所有的字符串（包括空串）都是true；字符'\0'转换为false，所有其它字符都转换为true；如果流为错误状态，结果为false。

#include <ios>
#include <iostream>
#include <ostream>

int main()
{
  bool b;
  std::cout << std::boolalpha;
  b = false;                   std::cout << b << ' ';
  b = true;                    std::cout << b << ' ';
  b = false;                   std::cout << b << ' ';
  b = true;                    std::cout << b << ' ';
  b = 42;                      std::cout << b << ' ';
  b = 3.1415926535897;         std::cout << b << ' ';
  b = 0;                       std::cout << b << ' ';
  b = -0.0;                    std::cout << b << ' ';
  b = -1;                      std::cout << b << ' ';
  b = "1";                     std::cout << b << ' ';
  b = "0";                     std::cout << b << ' ';
  b = "false";                 std::cout << b << ' ';
  b = "";                      std::cout << b << ' ';
  b = '0';                     std::cout << b << ' ';
  b = '\0';                    std::cout << b << ' ';
  b = std::cout;               std::cout << b << ' ';
  b = std::cin;                std::cout << b << ' ';
  std::cout << '\n';
}

，结果为：

false true false true true true false false true true true true true true false true true

3.比较两个vector，从两个向量的第一个元素开始比较，如果一个元素小于另一个元素，那么该元素所在的vector小于另一个vector。如果一个短向量是另一个长向量的前缀，那么微不短向量小于长向量。如下：

#include <iostream>
#include <ostream>
#include <vector>

int main()
{
   std::vector<int> a, b;
   a.push_back(10);
   a.push_back(20);
   a.push_back(30);
   b.push_back(10);
   b.push_back(20);
   b.push_back(30);
   if (a != b) std::cout << "wrong: a != b\n";
   if (a < b)  std::cout << "wrong: a < b\n";
   if (a > b)  std::cout << "wrong: a > b\n";
   if (a == b) std::cout << "okay: a == b\n";
   if (a >= b) std::cout << "okay: a >= b\n";
   if (a <= b) std::cout << "okay: a <= b\n";

   a.push_back(40);
   if (a != b) std::cout << "okay: a != b\n";
   if (a < b)  std::cout << "wrong: a < b\n";
   if (a > b)  std::cout << "okay: a > b\n";
   if (a == b) std::cout << "wrong: a == b\n";
   if (a >= b) std::cout << "okay: a >= b\n";
   if (a <= b) std::cout << "wrong: a <= b\n";

   b.push_back(42);
   if (a != b) std::cout << "okay: a != b\n";
   if (a < b)  std::cout << "okay: a < b\n";
   if (a > b)  std::cout << "wrong: a > b\n";
   if (a == b) std::cout << "wrong: a == b\n";
   if (a >= b) std::cout << "wrong: a >= b\n";
   if (a <= b) std::cout << "okay: a <= b\n";
}

，结果为：

okay: a == b
okay: a >= b
okay: a <= b
okay: a != b
okay: a > b
okay: a >= b
okay: a != b
okay: a < b
okay: a <= b

4.字符串的比较规则如下：

#include <iostream>
#include <ostream>
#include <string>

int main()
{
   std::string a("abc"), b("abc");
   if (a != b) std::cout << "wrong: abc != abc\n";
   if (a < b)  std::cout << "wrong: abc < abc\n";
   if (a > b)  std::cout << "wrong: abc > abc\n";
   if (a == b) std::cout << "okay: abc == abc\n";
   if (a >= b) std::cout << "okay: abc >= abc\n";
   if (a <= b) std::cout << "okay: abc <= abc\n";

   a.push_back('d');
   if (a != b) std::cout << "okay: abcd != abc\n";
   if (a < b)  std::cout << "wrong: abcd < abc\n";
   if (a > b)  std::cout << "okay: abcd > abc\n";
   if (a == b) std::cout << "wrong: abcd == abc\n";
   if (a >= b) std::cout << "okay: abcd >= abc\n";
   if (a <= b) std::cout << "wrong: abcd <= abc\n";

   b.push_back('e');
   if (a != b) std::cout << "okay: abcd != abce\n";
   if (a < b)  std::cout << "okay: abcd < abce\n";
   if (a > b)  std::cout << "wrong: abcd > abce\n";
   if (a == b) std::cout << "wrong: abcd == abce\n";
   if (a >= b) std::cout << "wrong: abcd >= abce\n";
   if (a <= b) std::cout << "okay: abcd <= abce\n";
}

，结果为：

okay: abc == abc
okay: abc >= abc
okay: abc <= abc
okay: abcd != abc
okay: abcd > abc
okay: abcd >= abc
okay: abcd != abce
okay: abcd < abce
okay: abcd <= abce