保障性住房户型和资金建议

保障性住房户型和资金建议

覃瑞 （身份证510230198107170014）                        

近10年来，中国的房价急剧的猛涨，住房问题越显突出。

住房问题不能自己解决的人群或住房费用在收入比重中超过正常水平的，主要集中在：刚到某个城市的，不是很富裕的人，也就是弱势人群。这类人主要有刚毕业的学生，到城市打工的人，原来老房屋被拆迁的人。他们的住房需求是生活基本需求，所以就带有民生性，政府就具有不可推卸的责任。目前政府为这些人提供的解决方案主要有两种：一是经济适用房，二是廉租房。

经济适用房和廉租房都有国家政策的补贴，所以比市场价格低很多，大家都想“弄”到，这里的“弄”主要是指不具备享受国家住房补贴的人，这部分人群是强势人群，也可以说是具备很多资源的人群，因此，在弱势和强势竞争国家补贴时，谁占有利地位？

怎样才能让弱势在竞争补贴时，占有利地位呢？就需要让强势群体对补贴不是那么感兴趣。即使让他们付出（成本）多，得到（获利）少.要这样，就必须不建设享受性的住房，建设生活基本需求型的住房。生活基本型是怎样的呢？对住房的需求就是可以住人，价格便宜点，交通方便。住人的最低标准是怎么样的呢？不能凭空乱想，需要量化和计算。双人卧室8.79平方米（床1.5米宽乘2米长等于3平方米、电脑桌和椅子1.3米长乘1.2米宽等于1.56平方米、衣柜1.2乘1.4等于1.68平方米、过道0.5乘5.5等于2.75平方米）, 客厅10.26平方米（沙发2米长乘0.8米宽等于1.6平方米、茶基兼饭桌1.5乘0.6等于0.9平方米、家庭影院0.7乘2等于1.4平方米、过道3.96加2.4等于6.36平方米）,厨房（1.1乘3.5等于3.85平方米），卫生间（1.1乘1等于1.1平方米），房屋的连接空间（1.1乘5等于5.5平方米），单人卧室4.16平方米（床在1.8米的高度、床的大小1.2米宽乘2米长等于2.4平方米、电脑桌和衣柜和椅子在床下，其大小为2.4平方米、过道0.8乘2.2等于1.76平方米）。上面都是实际的使用面积，不是建筑面积。这些房子都是统一简单装修了的，可以马上住人。

这样算下来38.29平米(8.79加8.79加10.26加3.85加1.1加5.5=38.29)就可以修建一个2室1厅了。50.08平米(8.79加8.79加8.79加10.26加3.85加1.1加5.5=47.08加3平米的机动空间) 就可以修建一个3室1厅了。8.79平米就可以修建一个双人单间。4.16平方米就可以修建一个单人单间。24平米(8.79加10.26加3.85加1.1=24) 就可以修建一室一厅。单身住个4.16平方米，结婚没有孩子的住8.79平米，单间还需要配套的公共厕所和厨房。结婚孩子小的住24平米的一室一厅，结婚孩子大的住38.29平米的2室一厅，三代同堂的可以住50.08平米的3室1厅。

这些数据这样就能得到，为什么房地产开发商和政府没有提出这样的标准呢？在这里我们只讨论开发商，6个人住50.08平米的3室1厅与6个人住100平米的3室2厅，那个方案开发商获利多一些呢？对于经济适用房和廉租房，房子修小了，同样的地可以满足更多的人，同样的钱可以修很多人的房子。对于这个问题就讨论到这里。

经济适用房和廉租房有了，怎么来运营呢？定价呢？修多少呢？

运营当然需要成立公司，按市场加民生的方式运营。市场就是市场机制，民生就是住房的社会属性，政府的参与。政府出面组建公司，制定利润率，以提供土地(竞标的方式确定价格)和启动资金为入股方式，同时进行社会融资，举行招标选承建商，当房屋封顶以后，按套为单位卖掉房屋的所有权（让零散的社会资金也能参与），回收资金，建设新的廉租房，由公司对对房屋进行日常管理，并对外出租，收取相应的管理费，房屋的出租收益归房屋所有全人。

定价原则，房屋所有人的房屋租金比银行长期存款利率高0.6个百分点以内，另外还有房屋的增值回报。在重庆具体多少钱呢？单人单间150元，双人单间200元，一室一厅480，2室一厅600元，3室1厅700元。

廉租房应该能满足当地居住人口的10%。并且需要划分片区。

在目前情况下，廉租房的基本职责就是实现上面的假想。值得庆幸的是，由于中国早在几十年前就实施的计划生育，导致人口的变化，在２０５５年左右中国的住房问题（资源型的）可以得到很好的解决，因为哪个时候中国的人口数量将得到第一次大调整，人口减少3分之1左右。                                                  

   衣食住行，安居乐业，谁要是解决了这个问题，就可以被年轻的共和国记住。

邮箱：tiandiwo2009@sina.com   qq:38726802  电话：（区号023）13883352288

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 2009-10-20

 

 

 

 

 

 

Suggestion on house type and fund of low-income housing

Qin Rui(Identity id 510230198107170014)

Over the past 10 years, the house price in China surged rapidly and housing problem became more highlighted.

The population that can’t address the housing issues or have higher housing cost to income ratio than the normal level are mainly those who: just arrived at one city without too much wealth, namely vulnerable groups. Such groups mainly include fresh graduates and those who old houses are relocated. Their housing needs is the basic living needs, therefore it has the nature of people's livelihood and the government has the inescapable responsibility. At present, the government provides these people with two solutions: affordable housing and low-rent housing.

As both the affordable housing and the low-rent housing enjoy the subsidies from the national policies, their price is much lower than the market price. Everyone wants to “get” one. Here, the word “get” is mainly used for those who are not qualified to enjoy the national housing subsidies. They are strong group, in the other word a group having many resources. Therefore, in a competition for the national housing subsidies between the weak and the strong, who will win?

How to make the weak win? The way is to make the strong group have no interest in the subsidies, namely high cost and low profit. Therefore, we should build the house for basic living needs, instead of for enjoyment. The demand for housing that people can live, cheap, and convenient transportation. The minimum living standard is how people like? Not out of dream need to quantify and calculate. bedroom8.79(bed 1.5*2=3,table,1.3*1.2-1.56, closet1.2*1.4=1.68、0.5*5.5=2.75）living room10.26（sofa 2×0.8=1.6、tea table 1.5×0.6=0.9、 home theater0.7×2=1.4、aisle 3.96+2.4=6. 36）kitchen（1.1×3.5=3.85）bathroom（1.1×1=1.1）the connect room （1.1×5=5.5）. single bedroom 4.16 square meters (bed 1.8 meters high, 1.2 meters wide size bed * 2 meters length = 2.4 square meters, computer desk and wardrobe and a chair under the bed, its size is 2.4 square meters, aisle 0.8 * 2.2 = 1.76 square meters). The above is the actual use of space, not floor area. The houses are simple decoration of the uniform, and can be immediately occupied.

In so doing 38.29 square meters (8.79 +8.79 +10.26 +3.85 +1.1 +5.5 = 38.29) can build a 2 room 1 hall was. 50.08 square meters (8.79 +8.79 +8.79 +10.26 +3.85 +1.1 +5.5 = 47.08 + 3 square meters of mobile space) can build up a 3 room 1 hall. 8.79 square meters can build a double single room. 4.16 square meters you can build a single private room. 24 square meters (8.79 +10.26 +3.85 +1.1 = 24) can be built One Bedroom.For the single, 4.16 square meters is ok. For the couple without child, 8.79 square meters is ok. The single room also needs public toilet and kitchen. For the couple with a little older child, 38.29 square meters (2 bedrooms and 1 living room) is ok. For the family with three generations living together, 50.08 square meters (3 bed rooms and 1 living room) can meet their basic needs.

These data can be obtained in such a simple way. Why the real estate developer and the government did not develop such standard? Here, we only discuss the developer. For six persons, 50.08 square meters (3 bedrooms and 1 living room) and 100 square meters (3 bedroom 2 living room), which plan can the developer get more benefit from? For the affordable housing and low-rent housing, if the house becomes small, the same land can accommodate more persons and the same money can build more houses. Discussion on this question stops here.

Now that the affordable housing and low-rent housing are there, how to operate them? Pricing? How many?

Certainly, operation needs a company. The operation is made in a manner of market plus people's livelihood. Market is the market mechanism, while the people's livelihood is the social property of the housing and the participation of the government. The government leads to establish the company and set the profit margin. The government contributes to the company by providing  land (price is determined by bidding) and initial capital. Meanwhile, social financing is made and bidding is preformed to select the builder. After the house is built, the house ownership is sold in set (small social capital can also participate in the transaction) to recover the capital for building new low-rent housing. The company will make daily management, rent the house and charge the corresponding management fee. The house rent belongs to the house owner.

In the pricing principle, the house owner’s house rent is higher than the bank’s long-term deposit interest by 0.6% below. Additionally, return also comes from the house appreciation. What’s the pricing in Chongqing? The single room for one person is 150 yuan; the singe room for two persons is 200 yuan; one bedroom and one living room is 480 yuan, two bedrooms and one living room is 600 yuan; three  bedrooms and one living room is 700 yuan.

The low-rent housing should meet the needs of 10% of the local population. It shall be built in the divided area.

At present, the basic responsibility of the low-rent housing is to realize the above supposition. Fortunately, as China implemented the birth control policy decades ago, the population will change. In 2055, China’s housing problems (resource-based) will be resolved well, because China’s population will experience the first major adjustment at that time, about 1/3 decline.

clothing food shelter and transportation.have house, to be happy working. Who is to solve this problem, you can remember being young People republic of China.

E-mail: tiandiwo2009@sina.com   qq: 38726802   Tel: (area code 023) 13883352288 Personal blog http://38726802.qzone.qq.com/
                                                              2009-10-20