yumdownloader下载特定服务器架构的安装包

在centos上需要离线安装一些软件时，习惯用yumdownloader先在可以连接互联网的电脑上把需要的安装包下载好，再复制到内网机器上安装.

使用yumdownloader时总是会下载多种服务器架构的，比如：

 yumdownloader --resolve --downloadonly --archlist=x86_64  dkms gcc-c++ gcc-gfortran glibc-headers glibc-devel libquadmath-devel libtool systemtap systemtap-devel
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Repository copr:copr.fedorainfracloud.org:jdoss:wireguard is listed more than once in the configuration
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * elrepo: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
--> Running transaction check
---> Package dkms.noarch 0:2.8.4-1.el7 will be reinstalled
---> Package gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.8.5-44.el7 will be reinstalled
---> Package gcc-gfortran.x86_64 0:4.8.5-44.el7 will be reinstalled
---> Package glibc-devel.i686 0:2.17-323.el7_9 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libutil.so.1 for package: glibc-devel-2.17-323.el7_9.i686
--> Processing Dependency: libthread_db.so.1 for package: glibc-devel-2.17-323.el7_9.i686
--> Processing Dependency: librt.so.1 for package: glibc-devel-2.17-323.el7_9.i686
--> Processing Dependency: libresolv.so.2 for package: glibc-devel-2.17-323.el7_9.i686
--> Processing Dependency: libnss_nisplus.so.2 for package: glibc-devel-2.17-323.el7_9.i686
--> Processing Dependency: libnss_nis.so.2 for package: glibc-devel-2.17-323.el7_9.i686
--> Processing Dependency: libnss_hesiod.so.2 for package: glibc-devel-2.17-323.el7_9.i686
--> Processing Dependency: libnss_files.so.2 for package: glibc-devel-2.17-323.el7_9.i686
--> Processing Dependency: libnss_dns.so.2 for package: glibc-devel-2.17-323.el7_9.i686
--> Processing Dependency: libnss_db.so.2 for package: glibc-devel-2.17-323.el7_9.i686
--> Processing Dependency: libnss_compat.so.2 for package: glibc-devel-2.17-323.el7_9.i686
--> Processing Dependency: libnsl.so.1 for package: glibc-devel-2.17-323.el7_9.i686
--> Processing Dependency: libm.so.6 for package: glibc-devel-2.17-323.el7_9.i686
--> Processing Dependency: libdl.so.2 for package: glibc-devel-2.17-323.el7_9.i686
--> Processing Dependency: libcrypt.so.1 for package: glibc-devel-2.17-323.el7_9.i686
--> Processing Dependency: libcidn.so.1 for package: glibc-devel-2.17-323.el7_9.i686
--> Processing Dependency: libanl.so.1 for package: glibc-devel-2.17-323.el7_9.i686
--> Processing Dependency: libBrokenLocale.so.1 for package: glibc-devel-2.17-323.el7_9.i686
---> Package glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.17-323.el7_9 will be reinstalled
---> Package glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.17-323.el7_9 will be reinstalled
---> Package libquadmath-devel.i686 0:4.8.5-44.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libquadmath.so.0 for package: libquadmath-devel-4.8.5-44.el7.i686
---> Package libquadmath-devel.x86_64 0:4.8.5-44.el7 will be reinstalled
---> Package libtool.x86_64 0:2.4.2-22.el7_3 will be reinstalled
---> Package systemtap.x86_64 0:4.0-13.el7 will be reinstalled
---> Package systemtap-devel.x86_64 0:4.0-13.el7 will be reinstalled
--> Running transaction check
---> Package glibc.i686 0:2.17-323.el7_9 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libfreebl3.so(NSSRAWHASH_3.12.3) for package: glibc-2.17-323.el7_9.i686
--> Processing Dependency: libfreebl3.so for package: glibc-2.17-323.el7_9.i686
---> Package libquadmath.i686 0:4.8.5-44.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package nss-softokn-freebl.i686 0:3.53.1-6.el7_9 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
(1/12): dkms-2.8.4-1.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                                                   |  78 kB  00:00:00     
(2/12): glibc-2.17-323.el7_9.i686.rpm                                                                                                                                                                 | 4.3 MB  00:00:00     
(3/12): gcc-c++-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                               | 7.2 MB  00:00:00     
(4/12): gcc-gfortran-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                          | 6.7 MB  00:00:00     
(5/12): libquadmath-devel-4.8.5-44.el7.i686.rpm                                                                                                                                                       |  54 kB  00:00:00     
(6/12): glibc-devel-2.17-323.el7_9.i686.rpm                                                                                                                                                           | 1.1 MB  00:00:00     
(7/12): libquadmath-4.8.5-44.el7.i686.rpm                                                                                                                                                             | 222 kB  00:00:00     
(8/12): libtool-2.4.2-22.el7_3.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                             | 588 kB  00:00:00     
(9/12): systemtap-4.0-13.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                               |  15 kB  00:00:00     
(10/12): systemtap-devel-4.0-13.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                        | 2.2 MB  00:00:00     
(11/12): libquadmath-devel-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                    |  54 kB  00:00:00     
(12/12): nss-softokn-freebl-3.53.1-6.el7_9.i686.rpm      

可以看到虽然使用了--archlist=x86_64，还是下载了i686的软件包，例如：libquadmath-4.8.5-44.el7.i686.rpm. 

yumdownloader options:
    --destdir=DESTDIR   destination directory (defaults to current directory)
    --urls              just list the urls it would download instead of
                        downloading
    --resolve           resolve dependencies and download required packages
    --source            operate on source packages
    --archlist=ARCHLIST
                        only download packages of certain architecture(s)  

从yumdownloader的帮助信息看--archlist也的确是下载特定服务器架构的。

后来找到了这个：

Hello Florian, the documentation is actually inaccurate here, --archlist limits architectures to the given and all compatible with the given. I have fixed the documentation upstream. For your use case please use the following command:

yumdownloader -x \*i686 --archlist=x86_64 qt5-qttools

大致意思是说--archlist是下载兼容特定服务器架构软件包的.因为i686的包也能安装在x86_64的服务器上，所以就一起下载了.

里面给出的解决方法是使用-x选项忽略特定架构的包.就像这样:

yumdownloader --resolve --downloadonly -x \*686 --archlist=x86_64  iptables-services

忽略所有结尾是686架构的包.