minikube 的 Kubernetes 入门教程--（一）

minikube 可以在个人电脑（包括Windows、macOS 和 Linux）上运行一个一体化或多节点的本地 Kubernetes 集群，以便试用 Kubernetes，或用于日常开发工作。

物理机配置：Thinkpad E450 16GRam 256SSD，操作系统ubuntu 22.04

andy@ThinkPad:~$ lsb_release -d
Description:	Ubuntu 22.04.4 LTS

略过环境的准备，可参考

Install Minikube on Ubuntu Linux for Easy Kubernetes Development - The New Stack

Minikube 版本

andy@ThinkPad:~$ minikube version
minikube version: v1.32.0
commit: 8220a6eb95f0a4d75f7f2d7b14cef975f050512d

Minikube启动

andy@ThinkPad:~$ minikube start --driver=docker --cpus=2 --memory=8192
....
🐳  Preparing Kubernetes v1.28.3 on Docker 24.0.7 ...
    ▪ env NO_PROXY=localhost,127.0.0.1,::1
    ▪ Generating certificates and keys ...
    ▪ Booting up control plane ...
    ▪ Configuring RBAC rules ...
🔗  Configuring bridge CNI (Container Networking Interface) ...
    ▪ Using image gcr.io/k8s-minikube/storage-provisioner:v5
🔎  Verifying Kubernetes components...
🌟  Enabled addons: storage-provisioner, default-storageclass
🏄  Done! kubectl is now configured to use "minikube" cluster and "default" namespace by default
andy@ThinkPad:~$ kubectl get nodes
NAME       STATUS   ROLES           AGE   VERSION
minikube   Ready    control-plane   54s   v1.28.3
andy@ThinkPad:~$ kubectl cluster-info
Kubernetes control plane is running at https://192.168.49.2:8443
CoreDNS is running at https://192.168.49.2:8443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns/proxy

To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.

andy@ThinkPad:~$ kubectl get namespace kube-system
NAME          STATUS   AGE
kube-system   Active   112m
andy@ThinkPad:~$ kubectl get pods --namespace kube-system
NAME                               READY   STATUS    RESTARTS       AGE
coredns-5dd5756b68-m768r           1/1     Running   0              112m
etcd-minikube                      1/1     Running   0              112m
kube-apiserver-minikube            1/1     Running   0              112m
kube-controller-manager-minikube   1/1     Running   0              112m
kube-proxy-rk892                   1/1     Running   0              112m
kube-scheduler-minikube            1/1     Running   0              112m
storage-provisioner                1/1     Running   1 (111m ago)   112m
andy@ThinkPad:~$ 

创建svc nginx

andy@ThinkPad:~$ kubectl create deployment nginx-web --image=nginx
deployment.apps/nginx-web created
andy@ThinkPad:~$ kubectl expose deployment nginx-web --type NodePort --port=80
service/nginx-web exposed
andy@ThinkPad:~$ kubectl get deployment,pod,svc
NAME                        READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
deployment.apps/nginx-web   0/1     1            0           22s

NAME                             READY   STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
pod/nginx-web-5b757f798d-tsrx5   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          22s

NAME                 TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
service/kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.96.0.1       <none>        443/TCP        94s
service/nginx-web    NodePort    10.100.29.187   <none>        80:32156/TCP   9s

安装附加组件

Minkube 还包含许多扩展功能集的附加组件，例如入口、度量服务器和仪表板。要了解有哪些附加组件可用，请执行以下命令：

To find out what add-ons are available, issue the command: 	

$ minikube addons list

Let’s say you want to add the Dashboard add-on, which can be achieved with the command:

$ minikube addons enable dashboard
或
$ minikube addons enable dashboard --alsologtostderr

查看namespaces所有的pod

andy@ThinkPad:~$ kubectl get pods -A

安装Ingress-Nginx插件

        国内的网络访问扩展镜像超时，并无法拉取ingress-nginx

        配置proxy，这个问题没有解决。后续配置proxy可以解决了这个问题的话，再更新。

❗  This VM is having trouble accessing https://k8s.gcr.io
💡  To pull new external images, you may need to configure a proxy: https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/reference/networking/proxy/

处理方法：Minikube安装ingress插件的有效方法 - 掘金

之后将成功启用ingress-nginx插件

andy@ThinkPad:~$ kubectl get pods -o wide --namespace ingress-nginx
NAME                                        READY   STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE   IP           NODE       NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
ingress-nginx-admission-create-wf4pz        0/1     Completed   0          46m   10.244.0.7   minikube   <none>           <none>
ingress-nginx-admission-patch-6bg5b         0/1     Completed   1          46m   10.244.0.6   minikube   <none>           <none>
ingress-nginx-controller-654495b6dc-lz97f   1/1     Running     0          46m   10.244.0.8   minikube   <none>           <none>
andy@ThinkPad:~$ 

访问仪表板

这将启用仪表盘插件，并在默认网络浏览器中打开代理。

值得注意的是，网络浏览器通常无法以根用户身份正常运行，因此如果你是在以根用户身份运行的环境中，请查看仅 URL 选项。

andy@ThinkPad:~$ minikube dashboard
🤔  Verifying dashboard health ...
🚀  Launching proxy ...
🤔  Verifying proxy health ...
🎉  Opening http://127.0.0.1:37357/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/services/http:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/ in your default browser...

要停止代理（让仪表盘继续运行），请中止已启动的进程 (Ctrl+C)。

只获取仪表板 URL

如果不想打开网页浏览器，dashboard 命令也可以只发出一个 URL：

andy@ThinkPad:~$ minikube dashboard --url