@Configuration @Component区别

从下面的结果可以发现使用Configuration时在driver和spring容器之中的是同一个对象，而使用Component时是不同的对象。 虽然Component注解也会当做配置类，但是并不会为其生成CGLIB代理Class，所以在生成Driver对象时和生成Car对象时调用car()方法执行了两次new操作，所以是不同的对象。当时Configuration注解时，生成当前对象的子类Class，并对方法拦截，第二次调用car()方法时直接从BeanFactory之中获取对象，所以得到的是同一个对象。

Driver.java

public class Driver {
    private Integer id;
    private String  name;
    private Car  car;
}

Car.java

public class Car {
    private Integer id;
    private String  name;
}

MyTestConfig.java

@Configuration
//    @Component
public class MyTestConfig {
    @Bean
    public Driver driver(){
        Driver driver = new Driver();
        driver.setId(1);
        driver.setName("driver");
        /**
         * @Configuration
         * car()调用一次，同一个对象；
         * 当Configuration注解时，生成当前对象的子类Class，并对方法拦截，第二次调用car()方法时直接从BeanFactory之中获取对象，所以得到的是同一个对象
         */

        /**
         * @Component
         * car()调用两次，是不同的对象；
         * 虽然Component注解也会当做配置类，但是并不会为其生成CGLIB代理Class，所以在生成Driver对象时和生成Car对象时调用car()方法执行了两次new操作，所以是不同的对象
         */
        driver.setCar(car());
        return driver;
    }

    @Bean
    public Car car(){
        Car car = new Car();
        car.setId(1);
        car.setName("car");
        return car;
    }
}

TestApplicationTests.java

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class TestApplicationTests {
    @Autowired
    private Car car;

    @Autowired
    private Driver driver;

    @Test
    public void contextLoads() {
        boolean result = driver.getCar() == car;
        System.out.println(result ? "同一个car" : "不同的car");
    }
}

@Configuration效果

@Component效果

如果不加@Bean，则会报错：

错误日志

org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'com.example.elasticsearch.TestApplicationTests': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'car'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.example.elasticsearch.demo.bean.Car' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}

	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:639)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:116)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessProperties(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:397)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1429)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireBeanProperties(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:393)
	at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:119)
	at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:83)
	at org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.SpringBootDependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(SpringBootDependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:43)
	at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:244)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:227)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:291)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:246)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:97)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:190)
	at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
	at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
	at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47)
	at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
	at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.example.elasticsearch.demo.bean.Car' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1695)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1253)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1207)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:636)
	... 28 more

@Bean 基础声明

       Spring的@Bean注解用于告诉方法，产生一个Bean对象，然后这个Bean对象交给Spring管理。产生这个Bean对象的方法Spring只会调用一次，随后这个Spring将会将这个Bean对象放在自己的IOC容器中。

       SpringIOC 容器管理一个或者多个bean，这些bean都需要在@Configuration注解下进行创建，在一个方法上使用@Bean注解就表明这个方法需要交给Spring进行管理。

参考来源：https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1497451