hibernate框架使用详解四
九、hibernate中的查询总结
9.1 hibernate查询语句之HQL语言
9.1.1 HQL语言之单表查询
//学习HQL语法
public class Demo {
//基本语法
@Test
public void fun1(){
Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
//----------------------------------------------------
String hql = " from cn.itheima.domain.Customer ";//完整写法
String hql2 = " from Customer "; //简单写法
String hql3 = " from java.lang.Object ";
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
List list = query.list();
System.out.println(list);
//----------------------------------------------------
tx.commit();
session.close();
}
@Test
//排序
public void fun2(){
Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
//----------------------------------------------------
String hql1 = " from cn.itheima.domain.Customer order by cust_id asc ";//完整写法
String hql2 = " from cn.itheima.domain.Customer order by cust_id desc ";//完整写法
Query query = session.createQuery(hql2);
List list = query.list();
System.out.println(list);
//----------------------------------------------------
tx.commit();
session.close();
}
@Test
//条件查询
public void fun3(){
Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
//----------------------------------------------------
String hql1 = " from cn.itheima.domain.Customer where cust_id =? ";//完整写法
String hql2 = " from cn.itheima.domain.Customer where cust_id = :id ";//完整写法
Query query = session.createQuery(hql2);
// query.setParameter(0, 2l);
query.setParameter("id", 2l);
List list = query.list();
System.out.println(list);
//----------------------------------------------------
tx.commit();
session.close();
}
@Test
//分页查询
public void fun4(){
Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
//----------------------------------------------------
String hql1 = " from cn.itheima.domain.Customer ";//完整写法
Query query = session.createQuery(hql1);
//limit ?,?
// (当前页数-1)*每页条数
query.setFirstResult(2);
query.setMaxResults(2);
List list = query.list();
System.out.println(list);
//----------------------------------------------------
tx.commit();
session.close();
}
@Test
//统计查询
//count 计数
//sum 求和
//avg 平均数
//max
//min
public void fun5(){
Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
//----------------------------------------------------
String hql1 = " select count(*) from cn.itheima.domain.Customer ";//完整写法
String hql2 = " select sum(cust_id) from cn.itheima.domain.Customer ";//完整写法
String hql3 = " select avg(cust_id) from cn.itheima.domain.Customer ";//完整写法
String hql4 = " select max(cust_id) from cn.itheima.domain.Customer ";//完整写法
String hql5 = " select min(cust_id) from cn.itheima.domain.Customer ";//完整写法
Query query = session.createQuery(hql5);
Number number = (Number) query.uniqueResult();
System.out.println(number);
//----------------------------------------------------
tx.commit();
session.close();
}
@Test
//投影查询
public void fun6(){
Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
//----------------------------------------------------
String hql1 = " select cust_name from cn.itheima.domain.Customer ";
String hql2 = " select cust_name,cust_id from cn.itheima.domain.Customer ";
String hql3 = " select new Customer(cust_id,cust_name) from cn.itheima.domain.Customer ";
Query query = session.createQuery(hql3);
List list = query.list();
System.out.println(list);
//----------------------------------------------------
tx.commit();
session.close();
}
}
HQL在进行投影查询的时候,要在实体类里面创建对应的构造器。
public Customer(Long cust_id, String cust_name) {
super();
this.cust_id = cust_id;
this.cust_name = cust_name;
}
9.1.2 HQL语言之多表查询
//学习HQL语法(不常用) - 多表查询语法
public class Demo2 {
//回顾-原生SQL
// 交叉连接-笛卡尔积(避免)
// select * from A,B
// 内连接
// |-隐式内连接
// select * from A,B where b.aid = a.id
// |-显式内连接
// select * from A inner join B on b.aid = a.id
// 外连接
// |- 左外
// select * from A left [outer] join B on b.aid = a.id
// |- 右外
// select * from A right [outer] join B on b.aid = a.id
//---------------------------------------------------------------------
//HQL的多表查询
//内连接(迫切)
//外连接
// |-左外(迫切)
// |-右外(迫切)
@Test
//HQL 内连接 => 将连接的两端对象分别返回.放到数组中.
public void fun1(){
Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
//----------------------------------------------------
String hql = " from Customer c inner join c.linkMans ";
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
List<Object[]> list = query.list();
for(Object[] arr : list){
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr));
}
//----------------------------------------------------
tx.commit();
session.close();
}
@Test
//HQL 迫切内连接 => 帮我们进行封装.返回值就是一个对象
public void fun2(){
Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
//----------------------------------------------------
String hql = " from Customer c inner join fetch c.linkMans ";
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
List<Customer> list = query.list();
System.out.println(list);
//----------------------------------------------------
tx.commit();
session.close();
}
@Test
//HQL 左外连接 => 将连接的两端对象分别返回.放到数组中.
public void fun3(){
Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
//----------------------------------------------------
String hql = " from Customer c left join c.linkMans ";
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
List<Object[]> list = query.list();
for(Object[] arr : list){
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr));
}
//----------------------------------------------------
tx.commit();
session.close();
}
@Test
//HQL 右外连接 => 将连接的两端对象分别返回.放到数组中.
public void fun4(){
Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
//----------------------------------------------------
String hql = " from Customer c right join c.linkMans ";
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
List<Object[]> list = query.list();
for(Object[] arr : list){
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr));
}
//----------------------------------------------------
tx.commit();
session.close();
}
}
9.2 hibernate查询语句之criteria语言
9.2.1 criteria语言之基本查询
//学习Criteria语法
public class Demo {
@Test
//基本语法
public void fun1(){
Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
//----------------------------------------------------
Criteria c = session.createCriteria(Customer.class);
List<Customer> list = c.list();
System.out.println(list);
//----------------------------------------------------
tx.commit();
session.close();
}
@Test
//条件语法
public void fun2(){
Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
//----------------------------------------------------
Criteria c = session.createCriteria(Customer.class);
// c.add(Restrictions.idEq(2l));
c.add(Restrictions.eq("cust_id",2l));
List<Customer> list = c.list();
System.out.println(list);
//----------------------------------------------------
tx.commit();
session.close();
}
@Test
//分页语法 - 与HQL一样
public void fun3(){
Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
//----------------------------------------------------
Criteria c = session.createCriteria(Customer.class);
//limit ?,?
c.setFirstResult(0);
c.setMaxResults(2);
List<Customer> list = c.list();
System.out.println(list);
//----------------------------------------------------
tx.commit();
session.close();
}
@Test
//排序语法
public void fun4(){
Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
//----------------------------------------------------
Criteria c = session.createCriteria(Customer.class);
c.addOrder(Order.asc("cust_id"));
//c.addOrder(Order.desc("cust_id"));
List<Customer> list = c.list();
System.out.println(list);
//----------------------------------------------------
tx.commit();
session.close();
}
@Test
//统计语法
public void fun5(){
Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
//----------------------------------------------------
Criteria c = session.createCriteria(Customer.class);
//设置查询目标
c.setProjection(Projections.rowCount());
List list = c.list();
System.out.println(list);
//----------------------------------------------------
tx.commit();
session.close();
}
}
criteria条件查询中提供的方法名:
9.2.2 criteria语言之离线查询
非离线情况下流程:
离线情况下流程:
//学习离线Criteria
public class Demo2 {
@Test
public void fun1(){
//Service/web层
DetachedCriteria dc = DetachedCriteria.forClass(Customer.class);
dc.add(Restrictions.idEq(4l));//拼装条件(全部与普通Criteria一致)
//----------------------------------------------------
Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
//----------------------------------------------------
Criteria c = dc.getExecutableCriteria(session);
List list = c.list();
System.out.println(list);
//----------------------------------------------------
tx.commit();
session.close();
}
}
十、hibernate查询语句优化
10.1 类级别查询
get方法:没有任何策略.调用即立即查询数据库加载数据.
load方法: 应用类级别的加载策略
//懒加载|延迟加载
public class Demo {
@Test
// get方法 : 立即加载.执行方法时立即发送sql语句查询结果
public void fun1(){
Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
//----------------------------------------------------
Customer c = session.get(Customer.class, 2l);
System.out.println(c);
//----------------------------------------------------
tx.commit();
session.close();
}
@Test
// load方法(默认):是在执行时,不发送任何sql语句.返回一个对象.使用该对象时,才执行查询.
// 延迟加载: 仅仅获得没有使用.不会查询.在使用时才进行查询.
// 是否对类进行延迟加载: 可以通过在class元素上配置lazy属性来控制.
//lazy:true 加载时,不查询.使用时才查询b
//lazy:false 加载时立即查询.
public void fun2(){
Session session = HibernateUtils.openSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
//----------------------------------------------------
Customer c = session.load(Customer.class, 2l);
//----------------------------------------------------
tx.commit();
session.close();
System.out.println(c);
}
}
lazy(默认值):true, 查询类时,会返回代理对象.会在使用属性时,根据关联的session查询数据库.加载数据.
lazy:false. load方法会与get方法没有任何区别.调用时即加载数据.
结论:为了提高效率.建议使用延迟加载(懒加载)
注意:使用懒加载时要确保,调用属性加载数据时,session还是打开的.不然会抛出异常
<class name="Customer" table="cst_customer" lazy="true">
10.2 关联级别的查询
集合策略:
关联属性策略:
结论:
==为了提高效率.fetch的选择上应选择select. lazy的取值应选择 true. ==
全部使用默认值.
10.3 批量抓取
减少发送SQL语句进行查询的次数
<!-- batch-size: 抓取集合的数量为3.
抓取客户的集合时,一次抓取几个客户的联系人集合.
-->
<set name="linkMens" batch-size="3" >
<key column="lkm_cust_id" ></key>
<one-to-many class="LinkMan" />
</set>