list执行remove和add方法时，报java.util.ConcurrentModificationException的原因

最近的工作中，遇到一个问题：对一个List进行遍历的时候将其中的元素删除掉，结果报java.util.ConcurrentModificationException，通过查看源码，得知原因了。

在ArrayList中的remove方法代码如下：

publicboolean remove(Object o) {

if (o ==null) {

for (int index =0; index < size; index++)

if (elementData[index] ==null) {

fastRemove(index);

returntrue;

}

}else {

for (int index =0; index < size; index++)

if (o.equals(elementData[index])) {

fastRemove(index);

returntrue;

}

}

returnfalse;

}

privatevoid fastRemove(int index) {

modCount++;//只增加了modCount

....

}

我们接着看看AbstractList

public abstract class AbstractList<E> extends AbstractCollection<E> implements List<E> {
//AbstractCollection和List都继承了Collection
protected transient int modCount = 0;
private class Itr implements Iterator<E> { //内部类Itr
int cursor = 0;
int lastRet = -1;
int expectedModCount = modCount;

public boolean hasNext() {
return cursor != size();
}

public E next() {
checkForComodification(); //特别注意这个方法
try {
E next = get(cursor);
lastRet = cursor++;
return next;
} catch(IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
checkForComodification();
throw new NoSuchElementException();
}
}

public void remove() {
if (lastRet == -1)
throw new IllegalStateException();
checkForComodification();

try {
AbstractList.this.remove(lastRet); //执行remove对象的操作
if (lastRet < cursor)
cursor--;
lastRet = -1;
expectedModCount = modCount; //重新设置了expectedModCount的值，避免了ConcurrentModificationException的产生
} catch(IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}

final void checkForComodification() {
if (modCount != expectedModCount) //当expectedModCount和modCount不相等时，就抛出ConcurrentModificationException
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}
}

所以，产生ConcurrentModificationException的原因就是：
执行remove(Object o)方法之后，modCount和expectedModCount不相等了。然后当代码执行到next()方法时，判断了checkForComodification()，发现两个数值不等，就抛出了该Exception。

解决的办法是：（列举其中一个解决办法）

System.out.println("-2-使用Iterator的remove");

list = test.buildList();

try {

Iterator<String> iterator = list.iterator();

while (iterator.hasNext()) {

iterator.next();

iterator.remove();

}

} catch (Exception e) {

// java.lang.IllegalStateException

e.printStackTrace();

}