海岛Blog

Reciprocal cyclesProblem 26A unit fraction contains 1 in the numerator. The decimal representation of the unit fractions with denominators 2 to 10 are given:1/2= 0.51/3

Quadratic primesProblem 27Euler discovered the remarkable quadratic formula:n2+n+41It turns out that the formula will produce 40 primes for the consecutive integer values0≤n≤39.

Pandigital prime setsProblem 118Using all of the digits 1 through 9 and concatenating them freely to form decimal integers, different sets can be formed. Interestingly with the set {2,5,47,8

Double-base palindromesProblem 36The decimal number, 585 = 10010010012 (binary), is palindromic in both bases.Find the sum of all numbers, less than one million, which are palindromic in b

Pandigital multiplesProblem 38Take the number 192 and multiply it by each of 1, 2, and 3:192 × 1 = 192192 × 2 = 384192 × 3 = 576By concatenating each product we get the 1 to 9 pa

Pandigital Fibonacci endsProblem 104The Fibonacci sequence is defined by the recurrence relation:Fn = Fn−1 + Fn−2, where F1 = 1 and F2 = 1.It turns out that F541, which contains 113

Pandigital productsProblem 32We shall say that an n-digit number is pandigital if it makes use of all the digits 1 ton exactly once; for example, the 5-digit number, 15234, is 1 through 5

Pandigital primeProblem 41We shall say that an n-digit number is pandigital if it makes use of all the digits 1 ton exactly once. For example, 2143 is a 4-digit pandigital and is also prim

Digit factorialsProblem 34145 is a curious number, as 1! + 4! + 5! = 1 + 24 + 120 = 145.Find the sum of all numbers which are equal to the sum of the factorial of their digits.Note: as 1

Non-abundant sumsProblem 23A perfect number is a number for which the sum of its proper divisors is exactly equal to the number. For example, the sum of the proper divisors of 28 would be 1

Lexicographic permutationsProblem 24A permutation is an ordered arrangement of objects. For example, 3124 is one possible permutation of the digits 1, 2, 3 and 4. If all of the permutations

Counting SundaysProblem 19You are given the following information, but you may prefer to do some research for yourself.1 Jan 1900 was a Monday.Thirty days has September,April, Ju

Number letter countsProblem 17If the numbers 1 to 5 are written out in words: one, two, three, four, five, then there are 3 + 3 + 5 + 4 + 4 = 19 letters used in total.If all the numbers fr

Square digit chainsProblem 92A number chain is created by continuously adding the square of the digits in a number to form a new number until it has been seen before.For example,44 → 32

Prime-Sum NumbersProblem 543Define function P(n,k) = 1 ifn can be written as the sum of k prime numbers (with repetitions allowed), and P(n,k) = 0 otherwise.For example, P(10,2) = 1 beca

Largest exponentialProblem 99Comparing two numbers written in index form like 211 and 37 is not difficult, as any calculator would confirm that 211 = 2048 7 = 2187.However, confirming that

Amicable numbersProblem 21Let d(n) be defined as the sum of proper divisors ofn (numbers less than n which divide evenly into n).If d(a) = b and d(b) = a, where a ≠ b, then a and b are

1000-digit Fibonacci numberProblem 25The Fibonacci sequence is defined by the recurrence relation:Fn = Fn−1 + Fn−2, where F1 = 1 and F2 = 1.Hence the first 12 terms will be:F1 =

Factorial digit sumProblem 20n! means n × (n − 1) × ... × 3 × 2 × 1For example, 10! = 10 × 9 × ... × 3 × 2 × 1 = 3628800,and the sum of the digits in the number 10! is 3 + 6 + 2 + 8 + 8

Maximum path sum IIProblem 67By starting at the top of the triangle below and moving to adjacent numbers on the row below, the maximum total from top to bottom is 23.37 42 4 68 5 9 3

Maximum path sum IProblem 18By starting at the top of the triangle below and moving to adjacent numbers on the row below, the maximum total from top to bottom is 23.37 42 4 68 5 9 3

Power digit sumProblem 16215 = 32768 and the sum of its digits is 3 + 2 + 7 + 6 + 8 = 26.What is the sum of the digits of the number 21000?C++:#include #include using namespace

Distinct primes factorsProblem 47The first two consecutive numbers to have two distinct prime factors are:14 = 2 × 715 = 3 × 5The first three consecutive numbers to have three distinct

Lattice pathsProblem 15Starting in the top left corner of a 2×2 grid, and only being able to move to the right and down, there are exactly 6 routes to the bottom right corner.How man

Longest Collatz sequenceProblem 14The following iterative sequence is defined for the set of positive integers:n → n/2 (n is even)n → 3n + 1 (n is odd)Using the rule above and starting

Large sumProblem 13Work out the first ten digits of the sum of the following one-hundred 50-digit numbers.3710728753390210279879799822083759024651013574025046376937677490009712648124896970

Highly divisible triangular numberProblem 12The sequence of triangle numbers is generated by adding the natural numbers. So the 7th triangle number would be 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 = 28. T

Largest product in a gridProblem 11In the 20×20 grid below, four numbers along a diagonal line have been marked in red.08 02 22 97 38 15 00 40 00 75 04 05 07 78 52 12 50 77 91 0849 49 99

Summation of primesProblem 10The sum of the primes below 10 is 2 + 3 + 5 + 7 = 17.Find the sum of all the primes below two million.C++:#include #include #include using namespac

Special Pythagorean tripletProblem 9A Pythagorean triplet is a set of three natural numbers,a b c, for which,a2 + b2 =c2For example, 32 + 42 = 9 + 16 = 25 = 52.There exists exa

Largest product in a seriesProblem 8The four adjacent digits in the 1000-digit number that have the greatest product are 9 × 9 × 8 × 9 = 5832.7316717653133062491922511967442657474235534919

10001st primeProblem 7By listing the first six prime numbers: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, and 13, we can see that the 6th prime is 13.What is the 10 001st prime number?C++:#include #include

Self powersProblem 48The series, 11 + 22 + 33 + ... + 1010 = 10405071317.Find the last ten digits of the series, 11 + 22 + 33 + ... + 10001000.C++:#include using namespace std;

Sum square differenceProblem 6The sum of the squares of the first ten natural numbers is,12 + 22 + ... + 102 = 385The square of the sum of the first ten natural numbers is,(1 + 2

Smallest multipleProblem 52520 is the smallest number that can be divided by each of the numbers from 1 to 10 without any remainder.What is the smallest positive number that is evenly di

Largest palindrome productProblem 4A palindromic number reads the same both ways. The largest palindrome made from the product of two 2-digit numbers is 9009 = 91 × 99.Find the largest pal

Largest prime factorProblem 3The prime factors of 13195 are 5, 7, 13 and 29.What is the largest prime factor of the number 600851475143 ?C++:#include using namespace std;long m

Even Fibonacci numbersProblem 2Each new term in the Fibonacci sequence is generated by adding the previous two terms. By starting with 1 and 2, the first 10 terms will be:1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13

Multiples of 3 and 5Problem 1If we list all the natural numbers below 10 that are multiples of 3 or 5, we get 3, 5, 6 and 9. The sum of these multiples is 23.Find the sum of all the multip