01./*
02. * Resizable simple ram filesystem for Linux.
03. *
04. * Copyright (C) 2000 Linus Torvalds.
05. * 2000 Transmeta Corp.
06. *
07. * Usage limits added by David Gibson, Linuxcare Australia.
08. * This file is released under the GPL.
09. */
10.
11./*
12. * NOTE! This filesystem is probably most useful
13. * not as a real filesystem, but as an example of
14. * how virtual filesystems can be written.
15. *
16. * It doesn't get much simpler than this. Consider
17. * that this file implements the full semantics of
18. * a POSIX-compliant read-write filesystem.
19. *
20. * Note in particular how the filesystem does not
21. * need to implement any data structures of its own
22. * to keep track of the virtual data: using the VFS
23. * caches is sufficient.
24. */
25.
26.#include <linux/module.h>
27.#include <linux/fs.h>
28.#include <linux/pagemap.h>
29.#include <linux/highmem.h>
30.#include <linux/time.h>
31.#include <linux/init.h>
32.#include <linux/string.h>
33.#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
34.#include <linux/ramfs.h>
35.#include <linux/sched.h>
36.#include <linux/parser.h>
37.#include <linux/magic.h>
38.#include <asm/uaccess.h>
39.#include "internal.h"
40.
41.#define RAMFS_DEFAULT_MODE 0755
42.
43.static const struct super_operations ramfs_ops; /* 针对ramfs的操作回调函数 */
44.static const struct inode_operations ramfs_dir_inode_operations; /* 针对目录inode的操作回调函数 */
45.
46. /* 描述底层块设备 */
47.static struct backing_dev_info ramfs_backing_dev_info = {
48. .name = "ramfs",
49. .ra_pages = 0, /* No readahead 由于ramfs直接放在缓存中，所以不需要预读 */
50. /* 描述底层块设备具备的功能，
51. BDI_CAP_NO_ACCT_AND_WRITEBACK含义为不回写脏页、不统计脏页、不自动统计回写的脏页
52. BDI_CAP_MAP_DIRECT 表示块设备支持mmap操作的MAP_PRIVATE
53. BDI_CAP_MAP_COPY表示块设备支持mmap操作的MAP_PRIVATE
54. BDI_CAP_READ_MAP表示块设备支持mmap操作的PROT_READ
55. BDI_CAP_WRITE_MAP表示块设备支持mmap操作的PROT_WRITE
56. BDI_CAP_EXEC_MAP表示块设备支持mmap操作的PROT_EXEC
57. */
58. .capabilities = BDI_CAP_NO_ACCT_AND_WRITEBACK |
59. BDI_CAP_MAP_DIRECT | BDI_CAP_MAP_COPY |
60. BDI_CAP_READ_MAP | BDI_CAP_WRITE_MAP | BDI_CAP_EXEC_MAP,
61.};
62.
63. /* 创建一个inode */
64.struct inode *ramfs_get_inode(struct super_block *sb, int mode, dev_t dev)
65.{
66. /* 从内存中分配一个inode空间 */
67. struct inode * inode = new_inode(sb);
68.
69. if (inode) {
70. /* 填充inode结构 */
71. inode->i_mode = mode; /* 文件类型 */
72. inode->i_uid = current_fsuid(); /* 获得当前进程的UID */
73. inode->i_gid = current_fsgid(); /* 获得当前进程的GID */
74. inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &ramfs_aops; /* 注册内存操作回调 */
75. inode->i_mapping->backing_dev_info = &ramfs_backing_dev_info; /* 保存底层块设备信息 */
76. mapping_set_gfp_mask(inode->i_mapping, GFP_HIGHUSER); /* 为inode分配内存地址空间 */
77. mapping_set_unevictable(inode->i_mapping);
78. inode->i_atime = inode->i_mtime = inode->i_ctime = CURRENT_TIME;
79. switch (mode & S_IFMT) {
80. default:
81. /* 处理特殊的inode，包括socket、fifo、块设备、字符设备*/
82. init_special_inode(inode, mode, dev);
83. break;
84. case S_IFREG:
85. /* 普通文件，注册回调函数 */
86. inode->i_op = &ramfs_file_inode_operations;
87. inode->i_fop = &ramfs_file_operations;
88. break;
89. case S_IFDIR:
90. /* 目录，注册回调函数 */
91. inode->i_op = &ramfs_dir_inode_operations;
92. inode->i_fop = &simple_dir_operations;
93.
94. /* directory inodes start off with i_nlink == 2 (for "." entry) */
95. /* 增加文件引用计数即inode->i_nlink，目录的引用计数为2，因为包括了"."
96. 当inode->i_nlink为0时，说明这个inode闲置
97. */
98. inc_nlink(inode);
99. break;
100. case S_IFLNK:
101. inode->i_op = &page_symlink_inode_operations;
102. break;
103. }
104. }
105. return inode;
106.}
107.
108./*
109. * File creation. Allocate an inode, and we're done..
110. */
111./* SMP-safe */
112./* 在指定的目录下创建节点 */
113.static int
114.ramfs_mknod(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, int mode, dev_t dev)
115.{
116. /* 获得一个inode */
117. struct inode * inode = ramfs_get_inode(dir->i_sb, mode, dev);
118. int error = -ENOSPC;
119.
120. if (inode) {
121. if (dir->i_mode & S_ISGID) { /* 如果mode带有GID，需要将GID付给inode */
122. inode->i_gid = dir->i_gid;
123. if (S_ISDIR(mode))
124. inode->i_mode |= S_ISGID;
125. }
126. d_instantiate(dentry, inode); /* 用于向dentry结构中填写inode信息 */
127. dget(dentry); /* Extra count - pin the dentry in core 对dentry->d_count加一*/
128. error = 0;
129. dir->i_mtime = dir->i_ctime = CURRENT_TIME; /* 修改目录的访问时间、inode修改时间 */
130. }
131. return error;
132.}
133.
134./* 创建目录 */
135.static int ramfs_mkdir(struct inode * dir, struct dentry * dentry, int mode)
136.{
137. int retval = ramfs_mknod(dir, dentry, mode | S_IFDIR, 0);
138. if (!retval)
139. inc_nlink(dir); /* 将目录inode->i_nlink加一 */
140. return retval;
141.}
142.
143./* 创建文件 */
144.static int ramfs_create(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, int mode, struct nameidata *nd)
145.{
146. return ramfs_mknod(dir, dentry, mode | S_IFREG, 0);
147.}
148.
149.
150./* 建立软连接 */
151.static int ramfs_symlink(struct inode * dir, struct dentry *dentry, const char * symname)
152.{
153. struct inode *inode;
154. int error = -ENOSPC;
155.
156. /* 获得一个inode */
157. inode = ramfs_get_inode(dir->i_sb, S_IFLNK|S_IRWXUGO, 0);
158. if (inode) {
159. int l = strlen(symname)+1;
160. error = page_symlink(inode, symname, l); /* 将软连接写入pagecache ，并将页置为脏*/
161. if (!error) {
162. if (dir->i_mode & S_ISGID)
163. inode->i_gid = dir->i_gid;
164. d_instantiate(dentry, inode); /* 用于向dentry结构中填写inode信息 */
165. dget(dentry); /* dentry->d_count加1 */
166. dir->i_mtime = dir->i_ctime = CURRENT_TIME; /* 置操作时间 */
167. } else
168. iput(inode);
169. }
170. return error;
171.}
172.
173.
174./* 为inode操作注册回调函数 */
175.static const struct inode_operations ramfs_dir_inode_operations = {
176. .create = ramfs_create,
177. .lookup = simple_lookup,
178. .link = simple_link,
179. .unlink = simple_unlink,
180. .symlink = ramfs_symlink,
181. .mkdir = ramfs_mkdir,
182. .rmdir = simple_rmdir,
183. .mknod = ramfs_mknod,
184. .rename = simple_rename,
185.};
186.
187.
188./* 为超级块操作注册回调 */
189.static const struct super_operations ramfs_ops = {
190. .statfs = simple_statfs,
191. .drop_inode = generic_delete_inode,
192. .show_options = generic_show_options,
193.};
194.
195.struct ramfs_mount_opts {
196. umode_t mode;
197.};
198.
199.enum {
200. Opt_mode,
201. Opt_err
202.};
203.
204.static const match_table_t tokens = {
205. {Opt_mode, "mode=%o"},
206. {Opt_err, NULL}
207.};
208.
209.struct ramfs_fs_info {
210. struct ramfs_mount_opts mount_opts;
211.};
212.
213.static int ramfs_parse_options(char *data, struct ramfs_mount_opts *opts)
214.{
215. substring_t args[MAX_OPT_ARGS];
216. int option;
217. int token;
218. char *p;
219.
220. opts->mode = RAMFS_DEFAULT_MODE;
221.
222. while ((p = strsep(&data, ",")) != NULL) {
223. if (!*p)
224. continue;
225.
226. token = match_token(p, tokens, args);
227. switch (token) {
228. case Opt_mode:
229. if (match_octal(&args[0], &option))
230. return -EINVAL;
231. opts->mode = option & S_IALLUGO;
232. break;
233. /*
234. * We might like to report bad mount options here;
235. * but traditionally ramfs has ignored all mount options,
236. * and as it is used as a !CONFIG_SHMEM simple substitute
237. * for tmpfs, better continue to ignore other mount options.
238. */
239. }
240. }
241.
242. return 0;
243.}
244.
245./* 填充超级块 */
246.static int ramfs_fill_super(struct super_block * sb, void * data, int silent)
247.{
248. struct ramfs_fs_info *fsi;
249. struct inode *inode = NULL;
250. struct dentry *root;
251. int err;
252.
253. save_mount_options(sb, data);
254.
255. fsi = kzalloc(sizeof(struct ramfs_fs_info), GFP_KERNEL);
256. sb->s_fs_info = fsi;
257. if (!fsi) {
258. err = -ENOMEM;
259. goto fail;
260. }
261.
262. err = ramfs_parse_options(data, &fsi->mount_opts);
263. if (err)
264. goto fail;
265.
266. /* 填充超级块结构体 */
267. sb->s_maxbytes = MAX_LFS_FILESIZE;
268. sb->s_blocksize = PAGE_CACHE_SIZE;
269. sb->s_blocksize_bits = PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT;
270. sb->s_magic = RAMFS_MAGIC;
271. sb->s_op = &ramfs_ops; /* 注册超级块操作回调 */
272. sb->s_time_gran = 1;
273.
274. /* 为文件系统root分配inode */
275. inode = ramfs_get_inode(sb, S_IFDIR | fsi->mount_opts.mode, 0);
276. if (!inode) {
277. err = -ENOMEM;
278. goto fail;
279. }
280.
281. /* 为root分配缓存 */
282. root = d_alloc_root(inode);
283. sb->s_root = root;
284. if (!root) {
285. err = -ENOMEM;
286. goto fail;
287. }
288.
289. return 0;
290.fail: /* 异常处理 */
291. kfree(fsi);
292. sb->s_fs_info = NULL;
293. iput(inode);
294. return err;
295.}
296.
297./* 装载ramfs的超级块 */
298.int ramfs_get_sb(struct file_system_type *fs_type,
299. int flags, const char *dev_name, void *data, struct vfsmount *mnt)
300.{
301. /*在内存中分配一个超级块结构 (struct super_block) sb，并初始化其部分成员变量，将成员 s_instances 插入到 rootfs 文件系统类型结构中的 fs_supers 指向的双向链表中。*/
302. return get_sb_nodev(fs_type, flags, data, ramfs_fill_super, mnt);
303.}
304.
305./* 装载rootfs的超级块 */
306.static int rootfs_get_sb(struct file_system_type *fs_type,
307. int flags, const char *dev_name, void *data, struct vfsmount *mnt)
308.{
309. return get_sb_nodev(fs_type, flags|MS_NOUSER, data, ramfs_fill_super,
310. mnt);
311.}
312.
313./* 卸载超级块 */
314.static void ramfs_kill_sb(struct super_block *sb)
315.{
316. kfree(sb->s_fs_info);
317. kill_litter_super(sb);
318.}
319.
320.static struct file_system_type ramfs_fs_type = {
321. .name = "ramfs",
322. .get_sb = ramfs_get_sb,
323. .kill_sb = ramfs_kill_sb,
324.};
325.static struct file_system_type rootfs_fs_type = {
326. .name = "rootfs",
327. .get_sb = rootfs_get_sb,
328. .kill_sb = kill_litter_super,
329.};
330.
331.
332./* 初始化模块，注册文件系统 */
333.static int __init init_ramfs_fs(void)
334.{
335. return register_filesystem(&ramfs_fs_type);
336.}
337.
338./* 退出模块，注销文件系统 */
339.static void __exit exit_ramfs_fs(void)
340.{
341. unregister_filesystem(&ramfs_fs_type);
342.}
343.
344.module_init(init_ramfs_fs)
345.module_exit(exit_ramfs_fs)
346.
347.
348./* 初始化rootfs文件系统，在引导开机的过程中调用 */
349.int __init init_rootfs(void)
350.{
351. int err;
352.
353. /* 初始化对应的块设备 */
354. err = bdi_init(&ramfs_backing_dev_info);
355. if (err)
356. return err;
357.
358. /* 注册rootfs文件系统 */
359. err = register_filesystem(&rootfs_fs_type);
360. if (err)
361. bdi_destroy(&ramfs_backing_dev_info);
362.
363. return err;
364.}
365.
366.MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
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