今天总结一下Android开发中的自定义控件的开发,Android中所有控件和布局的基类都是View,自定义控件也就是继承View或者View的派生类,然后再重写类中的内部方法。
通常来说自定义控件分为三种:
1.自定义View:继承View
2.基于现有组件:继承View的派生类
3.组合的方式:自定义控件中包含了其他的组件
下图体现了各种控件的继承关系:
View派生类.png
来实践一下
有一个需求是这样的,需要在页面中构建一种菜单列表,菜单单个项目如图所示:
item.png
当我们构建这样的菜单列表,不必每一个item在布局里都重写一次,可以提取相同的元素,将单个项目封装成控件,需要时直接引用即可。
思路:
分析一下布局中的元素,左边的icon,左边的titleText,右边的hintText,右边的icon,分割线等。抽取出相同的部分,不同的部分通过自定义样式类型来区分,实现最大程度上的复用。我使用第三种组合的方式来编写。
1.定义组件布局:
按需求编写出对应布局,包含了所有元素
/**
-
Created by tianxiying on 2018/3/1.
*/
public class MenuItemLayout extends FrameLayout {
private Context mContext;
private View mView;
private TextView titleTv;
private TextView hintTv;
private ImageView redHintImg;
private ImageView iconImg;
private OnClickListener onClickListener;
private String titleText;
private String hintText;
private String iconImgUri;
private String jumpUrl;
private int iconImgId;
private String onclickId;
public static final int NO_LINE = 0;
public static final int DIVIDE_LINE = 1;
public static final int DIVIDE_AREA = 2;
public int divideLineStyle = NO_LINE;
private boolean isShowRedHintImg = false;public int getIconImgId() {
return iconImgId;
}public void setIconImgId(int iconImgId) {
if (iconImgId != 10000) {
this.iconImgId = iconImgId;
iconImg.setImageResource(iconImgId);
}
}public String getTitleText() {
return titleText;
}public void setTitleText(String titleText) {
if (titleText != null) {
this.titleText = titleText;
titleTv.setText(titleText);
}
}public String getHintText() {
return hintText;
}public void setHintText(String hintText) {
if (hintText != null) {
this.hintText = hintText;
hintTv.setText(hintText);
}
}public boolean isShowRedHintImg() {
return isShowRedHintImg;
}public void setShowRedHintImg(boolean showRedHintImg) {
isShowRedHintImg = showRedHintImg;
redHintImg.setVisibility(showRedHintImg ? VISIBLE : GONE);
}public String getJumpUrl() {
return jumpUrl;
}public void setJumpUrl(String jumpUrl) {
if (jumpUrl != null) {
this.jumpUrl = jumpUrl;
}
}public String getOnclickId() {
return onclickId;
}public void setOnclickId(String onclickId) {
this.onclickId = onclickId;
}public MenuItemLayout(Context context) {
this(context, null);
}public MenuItemLayout(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
this(context, attrs, 0);
}public MenuItemLayout(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
init(context, attrs);
}private void init(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
mContext = context;
LayoutInflater inflater = (LayoutInflater) mContext.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
mView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.item_menu_layout, this, true);
titleTv = (TextView) mView.findViewById(R.id.menu_item_text);
hintTv = (TextView) mView.findViewById(R.id.menu_item_text_hint);
iconImg = (ImageView) mView.findViewById(R.id.menu_item_icon_img);
redHintImg = (ImageView) mView.findViewById(R.id.menu_item_red_hint);TypedArray a = mContext.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.MenuItemLayout); setTitleText(a.getString(R.styleable.MenuItemLayout_title_text)); setHintText(a.getString(R.styleable.MenuItemLayout_hint_text)); setIconImgId(a.getResourceId(R.styleable.MenuItemLayout_icon_reference, 10000)); setJumpUrl(a.getString(R.styleable.MenuItemLayout_jump_url)); divideLineStyle = a.getInt(R.styleable.MenuItemLayout_divide_line_style, NO_LINE); setDivideLine(divideLineStyle);
}
public void setDivideLine(int bootomLineStyle) {
View lineView = findViewById(R.id.divide_line_view);
View areaView = findViewById(R.id.divide_area_view);
lineView.setVisibility(GONE);
areaView.setVisibility(GONE);
if (bootomLineStyle == DIVIDE_LINE) {
lineView.setVisibility(VISIBLE);
} else if (bootomLineStyle == DIVIDE_AREA) {
areaView.setVisibility(VISIBLE);
}
}public void setViewOnlickListener(OnClickListener onlickListener) {
this.onClickListener = onlickListener;
mView.setOnClickListener(onlickListener);
}public TextView getTitleTv() {
return titleTv;
}public TextView getHintTv() {
return hintTv;
}}
3.在布局中引用MenuItemLayout:
创建MainActivity为应用的入口,修改activity_main.xml代码:
在布局中我随便写了几个菜单作为参考,菜单项目可以再布局中写,也可以在代码中动态生成然后添加进布局中(可以支持后台动态配置)。