select函数原型如下：
int select (int maxfds, fd_set *readfds, fd_set *writefds, fd_set *exceptfds, struct timeval *timeout);
select系统调用是用来让我们的程序监视多个文件句柄(socket 句柄)的状态变化的。程序会停在select这里等待，直到被监视的文件句柄有一个或多个发生了状态改变
有一片博文写得非常详细易理解http://blog.csdn.net/lingfengtengfei/article/details/12392449。推荐大家看看，这里就不说了。
主要贴代码，参考的也是别人的代码，但是发现有BUG，努力修正后实现多台客户段与一台服务器通信：在非阻塞模式下，服务器和客户端可以自由发消息，不必等待回答，目前服务器发的消息，所有客户端都会收到此消息。读者可以自己改一下，让服务器与指定的客户端通信(可以通过键盘输入要通信的客户端编号来控制，或者用栈或队列来保存客户端编号，服务器在分别发送消息)：
服务器端代码：
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<arpa/inet.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#define BACKLOG 5 //完成三次握手但没有accept的队列的长度
#define CONCURRENT_MAX 8 //应用层同时可以处理的连接
#define SERVER_PORT 11332
#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024
#define QUIT_CMD ".quit"
int client_fds[CONCURRENT_MAX];
int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{
char input_msg[BUFFER_SIZE];
char recv_msg[BUFFER_SIZE];
//本地地址
struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_addr.sin_port = htons(SERVER_PORT);
server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
bzero(&(server_addr.sin_zero), 8);
//创建socket
int server_sock_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if(server_sock_fd == -1)
{
perror("socket error");
return 1;
}
//绑定socket
int bind_result = bind(server_sock_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr));
if(bind_result == -1)
{
perror("bind error");
return 1;
}
//listen
if(listen(server_sock_fd, BACKLOG) == -1)
{
perror("listen error");
return 1;
}
//fd_set
fd_set server_fd_set;
int max_fd = -1;
struct timeval tv; //超时时间设置
while(1)
{
tv.tv_sec = 20;
tv.tv_usec = 0;
FD_ZERO(&server_fd_set);
FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &server_fd_set);
if(max_fd <STDIN_FILENO)
{
max_fd = STDIN_FILENO;
}
//printf("STDIN_FILENO=%d\n", STDIN_FILENO);
//服务器端socket
FD_SET(server_sock_fd, &server_fd_set);
// printf("server_sock_fd=%d\n", server_sock_fd);
if(max_fd < server_sock_fd)
{
max_fd = server_sock_fd;
}
//客户端连接
for(int i =0; i < CONCURRENT_MAX; i++)
{
//printf("client_fds[%d]=%d\n", i, client_fds[i]);
if(client_fds[i] != 0)
{
FD_SET(client_fds[i], &server_fd_set);
if(max_fd < client_fds[i])
{
max_fd = client_fds[i];
}
}
}
int ret = select(max_fd + 1, &server_fd_set, NULL, NULL, &tv);
if(ret < 0)
{
perror("select 出错\n");
continue;
}
else if(ret == 0)
{
printf("select 超时\n");
continue;
}
else
{
//ret 为未状态发生变化的文件描述符的个数
if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &server_fd_set))
{
printf("发送消息：\n");
bzero(input_msg, BUFFER_SIZE);
fgets(input_msg, BUFFER_SIZE, stdin);
//输入“.quit"则退出服务器
if(strcmp(input_msg, QUIT_CMD) == 0)
{
exit(0);
}
for(int i = 0; i < CONCURRENT_MAX; i++)
{
if(client_fds[i] != 0)
{
printf("client_fds[%d]=%d\n", i, client_fds[i]);
send(client_fds[i], input_msg, BUFFER_SIZE, 0);
}
}
}
if(FD_ISSET(server_sock_fd, &server_fd_set))
{
//有新的连接请求
struct sockaddr_in client_address;
socklen_t address_len;
int client_sock_fd = accept(server_sock_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&client_address, &address_len);
printf("new connection client_sock_fd = %d\n", client_sock_fd);
if(client_sock_fd > 0)
{
int index = -1;
for(int i = 0; i < CONCURRENT_MAX; i++)
{
if(client_fds[i] == 0)
{
index = i;
client_fds[i] = client_sock_fd;
break;
}
}
if(index >= 0)
{
printf("新客户端(%d)加入成功 %s:%d\n", index, inet_ntoa(client_address.sin_addr), ntohs(client_address.sin_port));
}
else
{
bzero(input_msg, BUFFER_SIZE);
strcpy(input_msg, "服务器加入的客户端数达到最大值,无法加入!\n");
send(client_sock_fd, input_msg, BUFFER_SIZE, 0);
printf("客户端连接数达到最大值，新客户端加入失败 %s:%d\n", inet_ntoa(client_address.sin_addr), ntohs(client_address.sin_port));
}
}
}
for(int i =0; i < CONCURRENT_MAX; i++)
{
if(client_fds[i] !=0)
{
if(FD_ISSET(client_fds[i], &server_fd_set))
{
//处理某个客户端过来的消息
bzero(recv_msg, BUFFER_SIZE);
long byte_num = recv(client_fds[i], recv_msg, BUFFER_SIZE, 0);
if (byte_num > 0)
{
if(byte_num > BUFFER_SIZE)
{
byte_num = BUFFER_SIZE;
}
recv_msg[byte_num] = '\0';
printf("客户端(%d):%s\n", i, recv_msg);
}
else if(byte_num < 0)
{
printf("从客户端(%d)接受消息出错.\n", i);
}
else
{
FD_CLR(client_fds[i], &server_fd_set);
client_fds[i] = 0;
printf("客户端(%d)退出了\n", i);
}
}
}
}
}
}
return 0;
}
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<arpa/inet.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024
int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{
struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_addr.sin_port = htons(11332);
server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
bzero(&(server_addr.sin_zero), 8);
int server_sock_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if(server_sock_fd == -1)
{
perror("socket error");
return 1;
}
char recv_msg[BUFFER_SIZE];
char input_msg[BUFFER_SIZE];
if(connect(server_sock_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)) == 0)
{
fd_set client_fd_set;
struct timeval tv;
while(1)
{
tv.tv_sec = 20;
tv.tv_usec = 0;
FD_ZERO(&client_fd_set);
FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &client_fd_set);
FD_SET(server_sock_fd, &client_fd_set);
select(server_sock_fd + 1, &client_fd_set, NULL, NULL, &tv);
if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &client_fd_set))
{
bzero(input_msg, BUFFER_SIZE);
fgets(input_msg, BUFFER_SIZE, stdin);
if(send(server_sock_fd, input_msg, BUFFER_SIZE, 0) == -1)
{
perror("发送消息出错!\n");
}
}
if(FD_ISSET(server_sock_fd, &client_fd_set))
{
bzero(recv_msg, BUFFER_SIZE);
long byte_num = recv(server_sock_fd, recv_msg, BUFFER_SIZE, 0);
if(byte_num > 0)
{
if(byte_num > BUFFER_SIZE)
{
byte_num = BUFFER_SIZE;
}
recv_msg[byte_num] = '\0';
printf("服务器:%s\n", recv_msg);
}
else if(byte_num < 0)
{
printf("接受消息出错!\n");
}
else
{
printf("服务器端退出!\n");
exit(0);
}
}
}
//}
}
return 0;
}
struct timeval tv 设置为0，这样再次调用select时它会立即返回，根本不会监视socket句柄，导致一个超时的死循环。
所以每次调用select之后都要重新给struct timeval tv 赋值。
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