1. 最简单生产者
import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')
channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
routing_key='hello',
body='Hello World!')
print " [x] Sent 'Hello World!'"
connection.close()
2. 最简单消费者
import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')
print ' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C'
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print " [x] Received %r" % (body,)
channel.basic_consume(callback,
queue='hello',
no_ack=True)
channel.start_consuming()
3. 消息响应和确认
为了防止消息丢失,RabbitMQ提供了消息响应(acknowledgments)。消费者会通过一个ack(响应),告诉RabbitMQ已经收到并处理了某条消息,然后RabbitMQ就会释放并删除这条消息。
消息响应实现方式channel.basic_consume()中no_ack参数设置,默认为开启。相对应callback()要进行消息确认,实现方式为ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print " [x] Received %r" % (body,)
time.sleep( body.count('.') )
print " [x] Done"
ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)
channel.basic_consume(callback,
queue='hello')
4. 队列与消息持久化
#队列持久化,已定义过的队列不用队列声明
channel.queue_declare(queue='task_queue', durable=True)
#消息持久化,通过delivery_mode = 2设置
channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
routing_key="task_queue",
body=message,
properties=pika.BasicProperties(
delivery_mode = 2, # make message persistent
))
5. 公平调度
我们可以使用basic.qos方法,并设置prefetch_count=1。这样是告诉RabbitMQ,再同一时刻,不要发送超过1条消息给一个工作者(worker),直到它已经处理了上一条消息并且作出了响应。这样,RabbitMQ就会把消息分发给下一个空闲的工作者(worker)。
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print " [x] Received %r" % (body,)
time.sleep( body.count('.') )
print " [x] Done"
ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)
channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)
channel.basic_consume(callback,
queue='task_queue')