RabbitMQ使用注意

1. 最简单生产者

import pika

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
        host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()

channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')

channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
                      routing_key='hello',
                      body='Hello World!')
print " [x] Sent 'Hello World!'"
connection.close()

2. 最简单消费者

import pika

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
        host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()

channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')

print ' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C'

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print " [x] Received %r" % (body,)

channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue='hello',
                      no_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()

3. 消息响应和确认

为了防止消息丢失，RabbitMQ提供了消息响应（acknowledgments）。消费者会通过一个ack（响应），告诉RabbitMQ已经收到并处理了某条消息，然后RabbitMQ就会释放并删除这条消息。

消息响应实现方式channel.basic_consume()中no_ack参数设置，默认为开启。相对应callback()要进行消息确认，实现方式为ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print " [x] Received %r" % (body,)
    time.sleep( body.count('.') )
    print " [x] Done"
    ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)

channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue='hello')

4. 队列与消息持久化

#队列持久化，已定义过的队列不用队列声明
channel.queue_declare(queue='task_queue', durable=True)

#消息持久化，通过delivery_mode = 2设置
channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
                      routing_key="task_queue",
                      body=message,
                      properties=pika.BasicProperties(
                         delivery_mode = 2, # make message persistent
                      ))

5. 公平调度

我们可以使用basic.qos方法，并设置prefetch_count=1。这样是告诉RabbitMQ，再同一时刻，不要发送超过1条消息给一个工作者（worker），直到它已经处理了上一条消息并且作出了响应。这样，RabbitMQ就会把消息分发给下一个空闲的工作者（worker）。

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print " [x] Received %r" % (body,)
    time.sleep( body.count('.') )
    print " [x] Done"
    ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)

channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)
channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue='task_queue')