IS-IS

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tjjingpan

最新推荐文章于 2021-08-31 15:48:15 发布

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分类专栏： CCNP

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The IS-iS Protocol

Introducing IS-IS and Integrated IS-IS Routing

IS-IS -----------------OSI

OSPF ----------------TCP/IP

ISIS工作在OSI 哪一层。CLNS(无连接的网络服务)，

CONS（Connection-oriented Network Service ,面向连接的网络服务）

IGMP，PC和路由器通信。PC要加入某个组。

属于第三层。

1,CLNP（Connectionless Network Protocal,无连接网络协议）

CLNP是OSI 网络的网络层数据报协议，提供了与TCP/IP网络中IP类似的功能，因此CLNP又称之为ISO-IP。与IP一样，CLNP与是一个无连接的网络层协议，提供无连接的网络层服务。但是，IP是TCP/IP栈中唯一的网络层协议，来自高层的协议和数据绝大多数需要封装在IP协议报文中，然后再传输到数据链路层，重新封装在帧中进行传输。而在OSI网络环境中，前面说的 CLNP、IS-IS、ES-IS都是独立的网络层协议，都直接被封装到数据链路层的帧中进行传输。CLNP使用NSAP(网络服务访问协议)地址来识别网络设备。

2,IS-IS 双重模型。

即支持OSI也支持TCPIP。IS-IS是一个能够同时处理多个网络层协议（例如IP和CLNP）的路由选择协议。OSPF仅支持IP一种网络层协议,即OSPF仅支持IP路由，专业为TCP/IP网络设计。

3， ES-IS（End System to Intermediate System, 终端系统到中间系统）

ES-IS 在CLNP网络中就像IP网络中的ARP,ICMP一样，为用户主机与路由器间提供路由信息交换功能。

Uses for IS-IS Routing

支持大型网络，应用在ISP，

IS-IS Routing

IS-IS Features

和OSPF算法一致。LSP PDU(Protocal Data Unit)

PDU(协议数据单元，7种PDU( APDU ,PPDU ,SPDU ,SEG ,Packet ,Frame, Bit)

IS-IS Features

L1 LSP 和L2 LSP。

默认为Level1-2.

所有连续L2L1-2,路由器的集合，构成IS-IS主干区域,

在红圈路由器的特点：

逻辑主干区域，所有连续的L2 或L1-2路由器构成主干区域，主干路由器有全网的路由信息。

Integrated (or Dual) IS-IS Routing (双栈)

层次化设置，L1 LSP 一个区域。L2 逻辑主干区域传播。，支持汇总。

Mdtric计算两种方法。narrow 和wide。narrow所有默认端口都为10。

ENd Sysstem-to-Intermediate System

Four OSI Routing leVELS

Level 1PC-Router

Level 2 L1area Route -router

Level3 L2

与OSPF对比

兼有周期更新，和触发更新。

Integrated IS-IS vs.OSPF :Area Design(Cont.)

周期更新

泛洪时间

OSPF:30 60

IS-IS: 15 20

触发更新

Advantages of IntegratedIS-IS

路由更新类型少只有两种。L1和L2。

Advantages of OSPF

OSI Addresses

Integrated IS-IS NSAP Address Structure

Network Service Access Point（NSAP）

IDP(Initial Domain Part)域初始部分

AFI(Authority FormatID) [1Byte] 规定好的，需要申请

0X49(私有) 16进制

IDI（Intial DomainID) [Variable-Length] 可变长的

47.0005（美国军事部门）

47.0006（美国国防部）

DSP(Domain Sepcific Part)域指定部分

HODSP(Area) 区域地址 [Variable-Length]

SystemID [6Bytes]

NSAP-Selector (0x00) [1Byte]

system ID

1,MAC做为NSAP 48位,4个字节

2,通过IP获得

202.1.3.10

202.001.003.010

2020.0100.3010

NSAP :49.0001.0001.0001.0001.00

00(NSEL)

0001.0001.0001（System ID）

Area Address(1 to 13 octets)

49(AFI)

0001((IDI+HODSP)

NSAP 的长度 8 到20字节

Typical NSAP Address Structure

49私有地址

Identifying Systems in IS-IS Areaaddress

Identifying Systems in IS-IS :System ID

OSI Addressing:NET Addresses

Subnetwork Point of Attachment(SNPA) and Circuit ID

接口二层介质

如果线路是以太网SNPA就为MAC地址

如果线路是帧中继，SNAP就为DLCI号

用来表示此接口的二层介质

R1.01 HostName systemid 有一个映射表。

配置例子

R2配置

R2(config)#router isis
R2(config-router)#net 49.0001.2222.2222.2222.00
R2(config-router)#exit
R2(config)#int s2/0
R2(config-if)#ip router isis
R2(config-if)#int l0
R2(config-if)#ip router isis

R1配置

R1(config)#router isis
R1(config-router)#net 49.0001.1111.1111.1111.00
R1(config)#int s2/1
R1(config-if)#ip router isis
R1(config-if)#int l0
R1(config-if)#ip router isis
R1(config-if)#int s2/0
R1(config-if)#ip router isis

R3配置

router isis
 net 49.0003.3333.3333.3333.00
 log-adjacency-changes all

interface Loopback0
 ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.0
 ip router isis 
interface Serial2/1
 ip address 13.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
 ip router isis

R1上显示邻居

R1#show clns neighbors 
System Id      Interface   SNPA                State  Holdtime  Type Protocol
R2             Se2/1       *HDLC*              Up     24        L1L2 IS-IS
R3             Se2/0       *HDLC*              Up     24        L2   IS-IS

提示邻居变化信息

R2(config)#router isis
R2(config-router)#log
R2(config-router)#log-adjacency-changes ?
  all  Include changes generated by non-IIH event
  <cr>

邻居清后，邻居建立有提示信息

第一种方法clear isis *

R1#clear isis *
R1#
*Apr 29 13:52:31.090: %CLNS-5-ADJCHANGE: ISIS: Adjacency to R2 (Serial2/1) Down, clear clns nbr cmd(non-iih)
*Apr 29 13:52:31.090: %CLNS-5-ADJCHANGE: ISIS: Adjacency to R3 (Serial2/0) Down, clear clns nbr cmd(non-iih)
*Apr 29 13:52:31.090: %CLNS-5-ADJCLEAR: ISIS: All adjacencies cleared
R1#
*Apr 29 13:52:35.972: %CLNS-5-ADJCHANGE: ISIS: Adjacency to R2 (Serial2/1) Up, new adjacency
*Apr 29 13:52:37.011: %CLNS-5-ADJCHANGE: ISIS: Adjacency to R3 (Serial2/0) Up, new adjacency

第二种方法clear clns neighbors

邻居清后，邻居建立有提示信息

R1#clear clns neighbors 
R1#
*Apr 29 13:53:30.509: %CLNS-5-ADJCHANGE: ISIS: Adjacency to R2 (Serial2/1) Down, clear clns nbr cmd(non-iih)
*Apr 29 13:53:30.509: %CLNS-5-ADJCHANGE: ISIS: Adjacency to R3 (Serial2/0) Down, clear clns nbr cmd(non-iih)
*Apr 29 13:53:30.509: %CLNS-5-ADJCLEAR: ISIS: All adjacencies cleared
R1#
*Apr 29 13:53:33.026: %CLNS-5-ADJCHANGE: ISIS: Adjacency to R3 (Serial2/0) Up, new adjacency
R1#
*Apr 29 13:53:36.031: %CLNS-5-ADJCHANGE: ISIS: Adjacency to R2 (Serial2/1) Up, new adjacency

cisco 把hostname和system id做了映射

R1#show isis hostname 
Level  System ID      Dynamic Hostname  (notag)
 2     3333.3333.3333 R3
 2     2222.2222.2222 R2
     * 1111.1111.1111 R1

R1#show clns is-neighbors 
System Id      Interface   State  Type Priority  Circuit Id         Format
R2             Se2/1       Up     L1L2 0 /0      00                 Phase V
R3             Se2/0       Up     L2   0         00                 Phase V

R1#show clns interface s2/1
Serial2/1 is up, line protocol is up
  Checksums enabled, MTU 1500, Encapsulation HDLC
  ERPDUs enabled, min. interval 10 msec.
  CLNS fast switching disabled
  CLNS SSE switching disabled
  DEC compatibility mode OFF for this interface
  Next ESH/ISH in 32 seconds
  Routing Protocol: IS-IS
    Circuit Type: level-1-2
    Interface number 0x0, local circuit ID 0x100
    Neighbor System-ID: R2
    Level-1 Metric: 10, Priority: 64, Circuit ID: R2.00
    Level-1 IPv6 Metric: 10
    Number of active level-1 adjacencies: 1
    Level-2 Metric: 10, Priority: 64, Circuit ID: R2.00
    Level-2 IPv6 Metric: 10
    Number of active level-2 adjacencies: 1
    Next IS-IS Hello in 4 seconds
    if state UP

R1#show clns protocol 

IS-IS Router: <Null Tag>
  System Id: 1111.1111.1111.00  IS-Type: level-1-2
  Manual area address(es): 
        49.0001
  Routing for area address(es): 
        49.0001
  Interfaces supported by IS-IS:
        Serial2/0 - IP
        Loopback0 - IP
        Serial2/1 - IP
  Redistribute:
    static (on by default)
  Distance for L2 CLNS routes: 110
  RRR level: none
  Generate narrow metrics: level-1-2
  Accept narrow metrics:   level-1-2
  Generate wide metrics:   none
  Accept wide metrics:     none

R2#show ip route

      1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
i L1     1.1.1.0 [115/20] via 12.1.1.1, 00:19:08, Serial2/0
      2.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C        2.2.2.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
L        2.2.2.2/32 is directly connected, Loopback0
      3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
i L2     3.3.3.0 [115/30] via 12.1.1.1, 00:11:56, Serial2/0
      12.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C        12.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0
L        12.1.1.2/32 is directly connected, Serial2/0
      13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
i L1     13.1.1.0 [115/20] via 12.1.1.1, 00:19:08, Serial2/0

更改R2的S2/0接口metric值

R2(config)#interface s2/0
R2(config-if)#isis metric 5

R2(config-if)#isis  metric 5 ?
  <1-16777214>  Delay metric
  level-1       Apply metric to level-1 links
  level-2       Apply metric to level-2 links
  <cr>

Level 1,Level2,and Level 1-2 Routers

Addressing and Routing

Area address is used to route between areas;system ID is notconsidered.

System ID is used to route within an area; area address is notconsidered.

OSI IS-IS Routing Logic

L1会发给最近L1/L2路由器

优化

R1改为L1/L2

R2改为level-1,R3改成L2

R2(config)#router isis
R2(config-router)#is-ty
R2(config-router)#is-type lev
R2(config-router)#is-type level-1

R2为L1

R1#show clns neighbors 
System Id      Interface   SNPA                State  Holdtime  Type Protocol
R2             Se2/1       *HDLC*              Up     27        L1   IS-IS
R3             Se2/0       *HDLC*              Up     28        L2   IS-IS

R1#show clns neighbors
SystemId     Interface  SNPA               State Holdtime TypeProtocol
R2            Se2/1      *HDLC*             Up    23       L1  IS-IS
R3            Se2/0      *HDLC*             Up    24       L2  IS-IS

增加了一条默认路由

R2#show ip route 
Gateway of last resort is 12.1.1.1 to network 0.0.0.0

i*L1  0.0.0.0/0 [115/10] via 12.1.1.1, 00:02:14, Serial2/0
      1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
i L1     1.1.1.0 [115/20] via 12.1.1.1, 00:02:14, Serial2/0
      2.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C        2.2.2.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
L        2.2.2.2/32 is directly connected, Loopback0
      12.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C        12.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0
L        12.1.1.2/32 is directly connected, Serial2/0
      13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
i L1     13.1.1.0 [115/20] via 12.1.1.1, 00:02:14, Serial2/0

所有的边界路由器都会将ATT置位

R1向内部区域公告Level1, LSP的Attached置1

产生默认路由条件

1、R1连接多个区域

2、R1、必须是L1-L2

3、R2、必须是L1

R3#show ip route
Gateway of last resort is not set

     1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
iL2    1.1.1.0 [115/20] via 13.1.1.1, 00:15:37,Serial2/1
     2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
iL2    2.2.2.0 [115/30] via 13.1.1.1, 00:15:37, Serial2/1
     3.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C       3.3.3.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
L       3.3.3.3/32 is directly connected, Loopback0
     12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
iL2    12.1.1.0 [115/20] via 13.1.1.1, 00:15:37, Serial2/1
     13.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C       13.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/1
L       13.1.1.3/32 is directly connected, Serial2/1

Level-2路由器有全网路由。R3能收到R2环回口路由。

L1中的路由复制到L2中。

根据接口配置路由器类型

R2(config)#int s2/0
R2(config-if)#isis circuit-type ?
  level-1       Level-1 only adjacencies are formed
  level-1-2     Level-1-2 adjacencies are formed
  level-2-only  Level-2 only adjacencies are formed
  <cr>

Route Leaking（路由泄漏）

把L2中的路由泄漏到L1中。为什么会有这个需求。

路由过滤，没有冗余特性

路由泄漏命令

在R2上建立一条9.9.9.9.0/24

R3#conf t
R3(config)#int l9
R3(config-if)#ip add 9.9.9.9 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#ip router isis

R1(config)#access-list 100 permit  ip  3.3.3.0 0.0.0.0 any 
R1(config)#router isis 
R1(config-router)#redistribute isis ip level-2 into level-1 dist
R1(config-router)#$e isis ip level-2 into level-1 distribute-list 100

R2#show ip route 
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
i*L1  0.0.0.0/0 [115/10] via 12.1.1.1, 00:18:53, Serial2/0
      1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
i L1     1.1.1.0 [115/20] via 12.1.1.1, 00:19:03, Serial2/0
      2.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C        2.2.2.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
L        2.2.2.2/32 is directly connected, Loopback0
      3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
i ia     3.3.3.0 [115/158] via 12.1.1.1, 00:02:14, Serial2/0
      12.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C        12.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0
L        12.1.1.2/32 is directly connected, Serial2/0
      13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
i L1     13.1.1.0 [115/20] via 12.1.1.1, 00:19:03, Serial2/0

OSI PDUs

封装二层头部

IS-IS PDUs

9种报文

TLC(Type Length Value)

LSP Header

LSP TLV EXamples

IS-IS Network Representation

Broadcast Mode

DIS L1和L2分开选

没有 B DIS

实验 R1 和R2增加一条以太网连接

R2 的E0/0连R1 的E0/0 网段为100.1.1.0/24

R2#show arp
Protocol Address Age (min) Hardware Addr Type Interface
Internet 100.1.1.1 0 aabb.cc00.0200 ARPA Ethernet0/0
Internet 100.1.1.2 - aabb.cc00.0100 ARPA Ethernet0/0

谁为 D DIS,判断R1 的地址比R2大，R1以 D DIS。

R1#show clns is-neighbors 
System Id      Interface   State  Type Priority  Circuit Id         Format
R2             Et0/0       Up     L1   64        R1.01              Phase V
R2             Se2/1       Up     L1   0         01                 Phase V
R3             Se2/0       Up     L2   0         00                 Phase V

Circuit Id 看到的就是DR HostName。

让R2 成为 D DIS。

R2#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config)#int e0/0
R2(config-if)#isis priority ?
  <0-127>  Priority value
R2(config-if)#isis priority 66

R2#show clns is-neighbors 
System Id      Interface   State  Type Priority  Circuit Id         Format
R1             Et0/0       Up     L1   64        R2.01              Phase V
R1             Se2/0       Up     L1   0         02                 Phase V

抢占

比较

LSP Representing Routers:LAN Representation

R1#show isis database 

IS-IS Level-1 Link State Database:
LSPID                 LSP Seq Num  LSP Checksum  LSP Holdtime      ATT/P/OL
R1.00-00            * 0x0000001F   0xBC99        747               1/0/0
R1.01-00            * 0x00000001   0xC6CD        0 (747)           0/0/0
R2.00-00              0x0000001D   0x0E9E        745               0/0/0
R2.01-00              0x00000001   0x2434        745               0/0/0
IS-IS Level-2 Link State Database:
LSPID                 LSP Seq Num  LSP Checksum  LSP Holdtime      ATT/P/OL
R1.00-00            * 0x00000021   0x0B53        409               0/0/0
R3.00-00              0x00000019   0x21CB        574               0/0/0

R1#show isis database  verbose 

IS-IS Level-1 Link State Database:
LSPID                 LSP Seq Num  LSP Checksum  LSP Holdtime      ATT/P/OL
R1.00-00            * 0x0000001F   0xBC99        648               1/0/0
  Area Address: 49.0001
  NLPID:        0xCC 
  Hostname: R1
  IP Address:   1.1.1.1
  Metric: 10         IP 1.1.1.0 255.255.255.0
  Metric: 10         IP 13.1.1.0 255.255.255.0
  Metric: 10         IP 12.1.1.0 255.255.255.0
  Metric: 10         IP 100.1.1.0 255.255.255.0
  Metric: 10         IS R2.01
  Metric: 10         IS R2.00
  Metric: 148        IP-Interarea 3.3.3.0 255.255.255.0
R1.01-00            * 0x00000001   0xC6CD        0 (648)           0/0/0
R2.00-00              0x0000001D   0x0E9E        646               0/0/0
  Area Address: 49.0001
  NLPID:        0xCC 
  Hostname: R2
  IP Address:   2.2.2.2
  Metric: 10         IP 2.2.2.0 255.255.255.0
  Metric: 10         IP 12.1.1.0 255.255.255.0
  Metric: 10         IP 100.1.1.0 255.255.255.0
  Metric: 10         IS R2.01
  Metric: 10         IS R1.00
R2.01-00              0x00000001   0x2434        646               0/0/0
  Metric: 0          IS R2.00
  Metric: 0          IS R1.00
IS-IS Level-2 Link State Database:
LSPID                 LSP Seq Num  LSP Checksum  LSP Holdtime      ATT/P/OL
R1.00-00            * 0x00000022   0x0954        1103              0/0/0
  Area Address: 49.0001
  NLPID:        0xCC 
  Hostname: R1
  IP Address:   1.1.1.1
  Metric: 10         IS R3.00
  Metric: 10         IP 1.1.1.0 255.255.255.0
  Metric: 20         IP 2.2.2.0 255.255.255.0
  Metric: 10         IP 12.1.1.0 255.255.255.0
  Metric: 10         IP 13.1.1.0 255.255.255.0
  Metric: 10         IP 100.1.1.0 255.255.255.0
R3.00-00              0x0000001A   0x1FCC        1152              0/0/0
  Area Address: 49.0003
  NLPID:        0xCC 
  Hostname: R3
  IP Address:   3.3.3.3
  Metric: 10         IS R1.00
  Metric: 10         IP 3.3.3.0 255.255.255.0
  Metric: 10         IP 9.9.9.0 255.255.255.0
  Metric: 10         IP 13.1.1.0 255.255.255.0

LSDB Synchronization :LAN

LSDB Synchronization :Point -to Point

总结

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IS-IS

The IS-iS ProtocolIntroducing IS-IS and Integrated IS-IS RoutingIS-IS -----------------OSIOSPF ----------------TCP/IPISIS工作在OSI 哪一层。CLNS(无连接的网络服务)，CONS（Connection-oriented Netw...
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