用python连接oracle(11g)数据库

准备：

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1、下载对应版本的oracle-instantclient（我这里是11.2.0.1.0）

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/features/instant-client/index-097480.html

2、安装

rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient11.2-basic-11.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.rpm

3、配置环境变量

#export ORACLE_BASE=/usr/lib/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

4、开始你的开发(我们用python)

开发：

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python连接oracle数据库需要cx_Oracle

1、下载

http://sourceforge.net/projects/cx-oracle/

2、安装

我下载rpm包，安装很简单

rpm -ivh cx_Oracle-5.1.2-11g-py26-1.x86_64.rpm

3、开始你的开发吧

Python 2.6.6 (r266:84292, Jan 22 2014, 09:42:36) 
[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-4)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import cx_Oracle
>>>

最后做了个封装：

import cx_Oracle

class oracleAPI:
    # 构造函数
    def __init__(self, user, pwd, ip, port, sid):
        self.__user = user
        self.__pwd = pwd 
        self.ip = ip
        self.__port = port
        self.__sid = sid 
        self.__dsn = self.get_dsn()
        self.__db = self.get_conn()
        self.__curs = self.get_curs()

    # 析构函数
    def __del__(self):
        self.__curs.close()
        print 'Cursor closed.'
        self.__db.close()
        print 'db closed.'
    # 方法 
    def get_dsn(self):
        dsn = cx_Oracle.makedsn(self.ip, self.__port, self.__sid)
        return dsn 

    def get_conn(self):
        db = cx_Oracle.connect(self.__user, self.__pwd, self.__dsn) 
        return db

    def get_curs(self):
        curs = self.__db.cursor()
        return curs

    def get_db_version(self):
        return self.__db.version 

    def execute(self, sql):
        result = self.__curs.execute(sql)
        return result

def main():
    user = '**ystem'
    pwd = '**acle'
    ip = '*.*.1.25'
    port = '1521'
    sid = '**yb'
    oapi = oracleAPI(user, pwd, ip, port, sid)
    print oapi.get_db_version()
    result = oapi.get_curs().execute('select * from dba_users')
    print result.fetchmany()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

补充：应用报错崩溃

ORA-24550: signal received: [si_signo=11] [si_errno=0] [si_code=1] [si_int=-257149584] [si_ptr=0x7f8af0ac3570] [si_addr=0x2740]

因为server上装的是oracle basic client所以没有sqlnet.ora所以要自己创建一个，而且要有环境变量
上边的环境变量要增加一个

export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin

然后在admin文件夹里面创建一个文件名字为sqlnet.ora
内容：

DIAG_ADR_ENABLED=FALSE
DIAG_SIGHANDLER_ENABLED=FALSE
DIAG_DDE_ENABLED=FALSE

重启django应用，正常