JVM实践

jvm参数文档：
Java Performance
https://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/
https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/
英文很吃力，中文的很多抄袭（“促使内存”错别字也不改），而且规范和实践难免脱节.
太祖有训曰: 实事求是,不要教条主义; 太宗亦曰: 实践是检验真理的唯一标准

1、常用jvm命令(命令本身自带帮助文档，如jstack)

1.1、查看帮助文档的命令：

1. 命令本身，形如：jstat
2. linux的man, 形如：man jstat //更详细

1.1、命令使用异常：

• 异常输出：
  
  1. Unable to open socket file: target process not responding or HotSpot VM not loaded The -F option can be used when the target process is not responding
  2. Error attaching to process: sun.jvm.hotspot.debugger.DebuggerException: Can’t attach to the process
• 解决方案：
  
  1. 命令和程序使用同一个账号。
  2. 使用root账号。
  3. 加-F,部分命令有效果，如 jstack -l -F PID //-F会让线程改变线程名称？

1.3、命令详解：

• 1, jps 查看java进程

timeriver@king:/opt/tmp$ jps
15674 Jps
15291 HeapTest

• 2, jstat 查看统计信息， 语法：jstat -<option> PID [-t] [-h<lines>]

timeriver@king:/opt/tmp$ jstat -gc 15291 1000 10 
<option> //必选项，可以通过man jstat查看帮助文档。类似html的<select>的<option>元素

• 3, jstack 查看堆栈， 语法：jstack -l PID

//判断代码死循环，或者代码在何处hangs(wait,sleep,block ...)

• 4, jinfo 查看参数配置， 语法：jinfo -<option> PID

timeriver@king:/opt/tmp$ jinfo -flag MaxPermSize 15291
-XX:MaxPermSize=134217728

• 5, jmap 查看内存映射， 语法：jmap -<option> PID， 常用的有
  
  1. jmap -heap PID //heap summary, heap configuration, GC algorithm used, //ubuntu下需要root权限好奇怪
  2. jmap -histo:live PID //查看明细统计
  3. jmap -permstat PID //查看永久代统计， jdk8为jmap -clstats PID
  4. jmap -dump:format=b,file=fileName PID //dump内存快照

2、验证Java 7内存模型

2.1、验证代码

/**
 * vm args: -Xms500m -Xmx1g -Xmn200m
 * @auther timeriver
 * @date 18-4-19 下午15:36
 */
public class HeapTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        List<BigBean> list = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            System.out.println(i);
            list.add(new BigBean());
          }
    }
    static class BigBean{
        int size = 1024 * 1024 * 60;
        byte[] content = new byte[size];
    }
}

2.2、验证命令： jmap -heap PID

• -Xms500m=初始堆内存(young+old) //后面old突破了300M扩展为510M
• -Xmx1g=最大堆内存(超过jvm crash, 默认为2g)
• -Xmn200m=年轻代内存(设置的话,就固定大小了)
  
  1. jmap和javac的版本不一致 Caused by: sun.jvm.hotspot.runtime.VMVersionMismatchException: Supported versions are 24.80-b11. Target VM is 25.151-b12
  2. ubuntu需要root权限

下面是第一次循环的输出(可以加上断点每次循环都输出)

Heap Configuration:
   MinHeapFreeRatio = 0
   MaxHeapFreeRatio = 100
   MaxHeapSize      = 1048576000 (1000.0MB)
   NewSize          = 209715200 (200.0MB)
   MaxNewSize       = 209715200 (200.0MB) //新生代
   OldSize          = 5439488 (5.1875MB) //老年代默认值？会自动增长
   NewRatio         = 2
   SurvivorRatio    = 8
   PermSize         = 21757952 (20.75MB) //形如：-XX:PermSize=64M
   MaxPermSize      = 85983232 (82.0MB) //形如：-XX:MaxPermSize=128M
   G1HeapRegionSize = 0 (0.0MB) //G1哦

Heap Usage:
PS Young Generation
Eden Space:
   capacity = 157286400 (150.0MB)
   used     = 6291568 (6.0001068115234375MB)
   free     = 150994832 (143.99989318847656MB)
   4.000071207682292% used
From Space:
   capacity = 26214400 (25.0MB)
   used     = 0 (0.0MB)
   free     = 26214400 (25.0MB)
   0.0% used
To Space:
   capacity = 26214400 (25.0MB)
   used     = 0 (0.0MB)
   free     = 26214400 (25.0MB)
   0.0% used
PS Old Generation
   capacity = 314572800 (300.0MB)
   //capacity = 535298048 (510.5MB) //i=5时,old突破了300M扩展为510M
   used     = 0 (0.0MB)
   free     = 314572800 (300.0MB)
   0.0% used
PS Perm Generation
   capacity = 22020096 (21.0MB)
   used     = 2683976 (2.5596389770507812MB)
   free     = 19336120 (18.44036102294922MB)
   12.188757033575149% used

2.3、环境切换为java 1.8， Perm区改为了Metaspace

Heap Configuration:
   MinHeapFreeRatio         = 0
   MaxHeapFreeRatio         = 100
   MaxHeapSize              = 1048576000 (1000.0MB)
   NewSize                  = 209715200 (200.0MB)
   MaxNewSize               = 209715200 (200.0MB)
   OldSize                  = 314572800 (300.0MB)
   NewRatio                 = 2
   SurvivorRatio            = 8
   MetaspaceSize            = 21807104 (20.796875MB) //-XX:PermSize=64M  无效
   CompressedClassSpaceSize = 1073741824 (1024.0MB)
   MaxMetaspaceSize         = 17592186044415 MB //-XX:MaxPermSize=128M
   G1HeapRegionSize         = 0 (0.0MB)