Java多线程详解（四）线程同步 1、并发与三个线程不安全的实例

Java多线程详解 四、线程同步

（1）并发

• 并发：同一个对象被多个线程同时操作，会导致不安全现象的发生
• 三个不安全的示例：

//1、不安全买票
public class UnsafeBuyTicket {


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BuyTicket buyTicket = new BuyTicket();
        new Thread(buyTicket,"张三").start();
        new Thread(buyTicket,"李四").start();
        new Thread(buyTicket,"马总").start();

    }
}


class BuyTicket implements Runnable{

    private int ticketNum = 10;
    boolean flag = true;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (flag){
            try {
                buy();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    private void buy() throws InterruptedException {
        if (ticketNum <= 0){
            flag = false;
            return;
        }
        Thread.sleep(500);
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"拿到"+ticketNum--);
    }
}

最终结果如下：

//2、不安全取钱
public class UnsafeDrawing {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Account account1 = new Account(100, "张三");
        new Drawing(account1, 50,"张三本人").start();
        new Drawing(account1, 80,"张三朋友").start();
    }
}

class Account{
    int saved_money;
    String name;

    public Account(int saved_money, String name) {
        this.saved_money = saved_money;
        this.name = name;
    }
}

class Drawing extends Thread{

    Account account;
    int drawingMoney;
    String name;

    public Drawing(Account account, int drawingMoney, String name) {
        this.account = account;
        this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            drawing();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private void drawing() throws InterruptedException {
        if (account.saved_money - drawingMoney <= 0)
            return;
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        account.saved_money = account.saved_money - drawingMoney;
        System.out.println(account.name+"账户里现有"+account.saved_money);
        System.out.println(name+"手里现有"+drawingMoney);
    }

}

最终结果如下：

//3、不安全队列
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class UnsafeList {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list= new ArrayList<String>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
            }).start();
        }
        System.out.println(list.size());
    }
}

最终结果如下：

可以发现创建了1000条线程，可是线性表的最终长度为988，这实际上是由于部分线程所占用的内存重复了。