「BZOJ1002」[FJOI2007] 轮状病毒（基尔霍夫矩阵）

Description
　　轮状病毒有很多变种，所有轮状病毒的变种都是从一个轮状基产生的。一个N轮状基由圆环上N个不同的基原子
和圆心处一个核原子构成的，2个原子之间的边表示这2个原子之间的信息通道。如下图所示

N轮状病毒的产生规律是在一个N轮状基中删去若干条边，使得各原子之间有唯一的信息通道，例如共有16个不
同的3轮状病毒，如下图所示

现给定n(N<=100)，编程计算有多少个不同的n轮状病毒
Input
　　第一行有1个正整数n

Output
　　计算出的不同的n轮状病毒数输出

Sample Input
3
Sample Output
16
Hint
Source

f[i] = f[i - 1] X 3 - f[i - 2] + 2

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdio>
using namespace std;

const int maxn = 1000;

struct bign{
    int d[maxn], len;
    
    void clean() { while(len > 1 && !d[len-1]) len--; }
    
    bign()             { memset(d, 0, sizeof(d)); len = 1; }
    bign(int num)     { *this = num; }
    bign(char* num) { *this = num; }
    bign operator = (const char* num){
        memset(d, 0, sizeof(d)); len = strlen(num);
        for(int i = 0; i < len; i++) d[i] = num[len-1-i] - '0';
        clean();
        return *this;
    }
    bign operator = (int num){
        char s[20]; sprintf(s, "%d", num);
        *this = s;
        return *this;
    }
    
    bign operator + (const bign& b){
        bign c = *this; int i;
        for (i = 0; i < b.len; i++){
            c.d[i] += b.d[i];
            if (c.d[i] > 9) c.d[i]%=10, c.d[i+1]++;
        }
        while (c.d[i] > 9) c.d[i++]%=10, c.d[i]++;
        c.len = max(len, b.len);
        if (c.d[i] && c.len <= i) c.len = i+1;
        return c;
    }
    bign operator - (const bign& b){
        bign c = *this; int i;
        for (i = 0; i < b.len; i++){
            c.d[i] -= b.d[i];
            if (c.d[i] < 0) c.d[i]+=10, c.d[i+1]--;
        }
        while (c.d[i] < 0) c.d[i++]+=10, c.d[i]--;
        c.clean();
        return c;
    }
    bign operator * (const bign& b)const{
        int i, j; bign c; c.len = len + b.len;
        for(j = 0; j < b.len; j++) for(i = 0; i < len; i++)
            c.d[i+j] += d[i] * b.d[j];
        for(i = 0; i < c.len-1; i++)
            c.d[i+1] += c.d[i]/10, c.d[i] %= 10;
        c.clean();
        return c;
    }
    bign operator / (const bign& b){
        int i, j;
        bign c = *this, a = 0;
        for (i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--)
        {
            a = a*10 + d[i];
            for (j = 0; j < 10; j++) if (a < b*(j+1)) break;
            c.d[i] = j;
            a = a - b*j;
        }
        c.clean();
        return c;
    }
    bign operator % (const bign& b){
        int i, j;
        bign a = 0;
        for (i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--)
        {
            a = a*10 + d[i];
            for (j = 0; j < 10; j++) if (a < b*(j+1)) break;
            a = a - b*j;
        }
        return a;
    }
    bign operator += (const bign& b){
        *this = *this + b;
        return *this;
    }
    
    bool operator <(const bign& b) const{
        if(len != b.len) return len < b.len;
        for(int i = len-1; i >= 0; i--)
            if(d[i] != b.d[i]) return d[i] < b.d[i];
        return false;
    }
    bool operator >(const bign& b) const{return b < *this;}
    bool operator<=(const bign& b) const{return !(b < *this);}
    bool operator>=(const bign& b) const{return !(*this < b);}
    bool operator!=(const bign& b) const{return b < *this || *this < b;}
    bool operator==(const bign& b) const{return !(b < *this) && !(b > *this);}
    
    string str() const{
        char s[maxn]={};
        for(int i = 0; i < len; i++) s[len-1-i] = d[i]+'0';
        return s;
    }
};

istream& operator >> (istream& in, bign& x)
{
    string s;
    in >> s;
    x = s.c_str();
    return in;
}

ostream& operator << (ostream& out, const bign& x)
{
    out << x.str();
    return out;
}

bign c[55][55];

void ready()
{
    for(int i=0;i<=50;i++)
        c[i][0]=1;
    for(int i=1;i<=50;i++)
    {
        for(int j=1;j<=i;j++)
        {
            c[i][j]=c[i-1][j-1]+c[i-1][j];
        }
    }
}

bign f[1005];
int main()
{
    f[2] = 5;f[1] = 1;
    int n;cin >> n;
    for(int i = 3;i <= n;i++)
    {
        f[i] = f[i - 1] * 3 - f[i - 2] + 2;
    }
    cout << f[n] << endl;
    return 0;
}