原文 https://www.toocruel.net/object-hashcode/
hashCode方法
返回当前对象的hash值。
给HashMap等提供支持。
hashCode的概念:
在一个java程序一次执行期间,一个对象无论什么时候被调用、无论被调用多少次,hashCode方法必须一直返回同一个int值,当然这是在影响equals方法返回值的字段没有被修改的情况下。同一个java程序,多次执行没必要保证这个int值一致。
如果两个对象相等(通过equals方法),那么这两个对象的hashCode方法必须返回相等的int值。
通过equals方法判断两个对象不相等,并不要求hasoCode方法返回值也不相等。然而,程序员应该认识到hashCode要尽量返回不同的int值,这样可以避免哈希碰撞、提高哈希表的性能。
hashCode是native的,不需要java语言实现
equals方法
判断另一个对象是否和当前对象相等
相等规则,x,y,z均为非空对象:
自反性:x.equals(x)为true
对称性:x.equals(y)为true,则y.equals(x)也为true
传递性:x.equals(y)为true,y.equals(z)为true,则x.equals(z)为true
一致性/持续性:x.equals(y)为true,多次调用结果保持不变依旧为true,除非相关的字段改变
x.equals(null)为false
Object类的equals方法,是通过==判断是否是同一个对象来返回true或false,这是极端相等的情况
每当重写equals方法时,通常都需要重写hashCode方法,以便维持hashCode的概念(相等的对象的hashCode也要相等)
/**
* Returns a hash code value for the object. This method is
* supported for the benefit of hash tables such as those provided by
* {@link java.util.HashMap}.
* <p>
* The general contract of {@code hashCode} is:
* <ul>
* <li>Whenever it is invoked on the same object more than once during
* an execution of a Java application, the {@code hashCode} method
* must consistently return the same integer, provided no information
* used in {@code equals} comparisons on the object is modified.
* This integer need not remain consistent from one execution of an
* application to another execution of the same application.
* <li>If two objects are equal according to the {@code equals(Object)}
* method, then calling the {@code hashCode} method on each of
* the two objects must produce the same integer result.
* <li>It is <em>not</em> required that if two objects are unequal
* according to the {@link java.lang.Object#equals(java.lang.Object)}
* method, then calling the {@code hashCode} method on each of the
* two objects must produce distinct integer results. However, the
* programmer should be aware that producing distinct integer results
* for unequal objects may improve the performance of hash tables.
* </ul>
* <p>
* As much as is reasonably practical, the hashCode method defined by
* class {@code Object} does return distinct integers for distinct
* objects. (This is typically implemented by converting the internal
* address of the object into an integer, but this implementation
* technique is not required by the
* Java™ programming language.)
*
* @return a hash code value for this object.
* @see java.lang.Object#equals(java.lang.Object)
* @see java.lang.System#identityHashCode
*/
public native int hashCode();
/**
* Indicates whether some other object is "equal to" this one.
* <p>
* The {@code equals} method implements an equivalence relation
* on non-null object references:
* <ul>
* <li>It is <i>reflexive</i>: for any non-null reference value
* {@code x}, {@code x.equals(x)} should return
* {@code true}.
* <li>It is <i>symmetric</i>: for any non-null reference values
* {@code x} and {@code y}, {@code x.equals(y)}
* should return {@code true} if and only if
* {@code y.equals(x)} returns {@code true}.
* <li>It is <i>transitive</i>: for any non-null reference values
* {@code x}, {@code y}, and {@code z}, if
* {@code x.equals(y)} returns {@code true} and
* {@code y.equals(z)} returns {@code true}, then
* {@code x.equals(z)} should return {@code true}.
* <li>It is <i>consistent</i>: for any non-null reference values
* {@code x} and {@code y}, multiple invocations of
* {@code x.equals(y)} consistently return {@code true}
* or consistently return {@code false}, provided no
* information used in {@code equals} comparisons on the
* objects is modified.
* <li>For any non-null reference value {@code x},
* {@code x.equals(null)} should return {@code false}.
* </ul>
* <p>
* The {@code equals} method for class {@code Object} implements
* the most discriminating possible equivalence relation on objects;
* that is, for any non-null reference values {@code x} and
* {@code y}, this method returns {@code true} if and only
* if {@code x} and {@code y} refer to the same object
* ({@code x == y} has the value {@code true}).
* <p>
* Note that it is generally necessary to override the {@code hashCode}
* method whenever this method is overridden, so as to maintain the
C* general contract for the {@code hashCode} method, which states
* that equal objects must have equal hash codes.
*
* @param obj the reference object with which to compare.
* @return {@code true} if this object is the same as the obj
* argument; {@code false} otherwise.
* @see #hashCode()
* @see java.util.HashMap
*/
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
return (this == obj);
}