centos7.2docker安装与基本使用

1.docker的介绍

Docker 是一个开源的应用容器引擎，让开发者可以打包他们的应用以及依赖包到一个可移植的容器中,然后发布到任何流行的Linux机器上,也可以实现虚拟化,容器是完全使用沙箱机制,相互之间不会有任何接口。

一个完整的Docker有以下几个部分组成：

DockerClient客户端
Docker Daemon守护进程
Docker Image镜像
DockerContainer容器

2.docker的架构

Docker 使用客户端-服务器 (C/S) 架构模式，使用远程API来管理和创建Docker容器。Docker 容器通过 Docker 镜像来创建。容器与镜像的关系类似于面向对象编程中的对象与类。

docker	对象
容器	对象
镜像	类

Docker采用 C/S架构 Docker daemon 作为服务端接受来自客户的请求，并处理这些请求（创建、运行、分发容器）。 客户端和服务端既可以运行在一个机器上，也可通过 socket 或者RESTful API 来进行通信。
Docker daemon 一般在宿主主机后台运行，等待接收来自客户端的消息。 Docker 客户端则为用户提供一系列可执行命令，用户用这些命令实现跟 Docker daemon 交互。（引自百度百科）

3.docker相对于传统虚拟技术的优势

docker在容器的基础上，进行了进一步的封装，从文件系统，网络互连到进程隔离等等，极大的简化了容器的创建与维护，更加的轻便便捷。
具体如下：

• 更高效的利用系统资源
• 更快速的启动时间
• 一致的运行环境
• 持续交付部署
• 迁移更轻松
• 维护扩展更加简单

4.部署步骤

• 环境准备
  docker要求内核版本必须高于3.10，因此先查看自己的内核版本

[root@180-234 app]# uname -r
3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64

查看系统版本

[root@180-234 app]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)

• 安装
  直接yum安装

[root@180-234 app]# yum -y install docker-io

[root@180-234 app]# yum list installed |grep docker
docker.x86_64                        2:1.13.1-96.gitb2f74b2.el7.centos @extras  
docker-client.x86_64                 2:1.13.1-96.gitb2f74b2.el7.centos @extras  
docker-common.x86_64                 2:1.13.1-96.gitb2f74b2.el7.centos @extras

• 启动docker服务

[root@180-234 app]# systemctl start docker.service 
[root@180-234 app]# systemctl status docker.service 
● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2019-06-18 17:06:56 CST; 3s ago
     Docs: http://docs.docker.com
 Main PID: 2545 (dockerd-current)
   CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service
           ├─2545 /usr/bin/dockerd-current --add-runtime docker-runc=/usr/libexec/docker/docker-runc-current --default-runtime=docker-runc --exec-opt nati...
           └─2555 /usr/bin/docker-containerd-current -l unix:///var/run/docker/libcontainerd/docker-containerd.sock --metrics-interval=0 --start-timeout 2...

Jun 18 17:06:56 180-234 dockerd-current[2545]: time="2019-06-18T17:06:56.461256816+08:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: start."
Jun 18 17:06:56 180-234 dockerd-current[2545]: time="2019-06-18T17:06:56.487427967+08:00" level=warning msg="Running modprobe bridge br_netfilter failed w...
Jun 18 17:06:56 180-234 dockerd-current[2545]: time="2019-06-18T17:06:56.502453408+08:00" level=info msg="Firewalld running: false"
Jun 18 17:06:56 180-234 dockerd-current[2545]: time="2019-06-18T17:06:56.600666484+08:00" level=info msg="Default bridge (docker0) is assigned wit...address"
Jun 18 17:06:56 180-234 dockerd-current[2545]: time="2019-06-18T17:06:56.643170897+08:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: done."
Jun 18 17:06:56 180-234 dockerd-current[2545]: time="2019-06-18T17:06:56.644456143+08:00" level=warning msg="Not using native diff for overlay2, t... to fix"
Jun 18 17:06:56 180-234 dockerd-current[2545]: time="2019-06-18T17:06:56.652556714+08:00" level=info msg="Daemon has completed initialization"
Jun 18 17:06:56 180-234 dockerd-current[2545]: time="2019-06-18T17:06:56.652587480+08:00" level=info msg="Docker daemon" commit="b2f74b2/1.13.1" g...n=1.13.1
Jun 18 17:06:56 180-234 dockerd-current[2545]: time="2019-06-18T17:06:56.657414854+08:00" level=info msg="API listen on /var/run/docker.sock"
Jun 18 17:06:56 180-234 systemd[1]: Started Docker Application Container Engine.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

5.docker的基础命令

• 从公网拉取一个镜像hello-world

[root@180-234 app]# docker pull hello-world
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
Digest: sha256:41a65640635299bab090f783209c1e3a3f11934cf7756b09cb2f1e02147c6ed8
Status: Image is up to date for hello-world:latest

• 查看已有的docker镜像

[root@180-234 app]# docker images 
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
hello-world         latest              fce289e99eb9        5 months ago        1.84kB
hello-world         latest              fce289e99eb9        5 months ago        1.84kB

• 获取帮助

[root@180-234 app]# docker command --help

Usage:	docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND

A self-sufficient runtime for containers

Options:
      --config string      Location of client config files (default "/root/.docker")
  -D, --debug              Enable debug mode
  -H, --host list          Daemon socket(s) to connect to
  -l, --log-level string   Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info")
      --tls                Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
      --tlscacert string   Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/root/.docker/ca.pem")
      --tlscert string     Path to TLS certificate file (default "/root/.docker/cert.pem")
      --tlskey string      Path to TLS key file (default "/root/.docker/key.pem")
      --tlsverify          Use TLS and verify the remote
  -v, --version            Print version information and quit

Management Commands:
  builder     Manage builds
  config      Manage Docker configs
 以下省略........

• 查看镜像列表

[root@180-234 app]# docker search hello-world
NAME                                       DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
hello-world                                Hello World! (an example of minimal Dockeriz…   953                 [OK]                
kitematic/hello-world-nginx                A light-weight nginx container that demonstr…   126                                     
tutum/hello-world                          Image to test docker deployments. Has Apache…   61                                      [OK]
dockercloud/hello-world                    Hello World!                                    15                                      [OK]
crccheck/hello-world                       Hello World web server in under 2.5 MB          8                                       [OK]
ppc64le/hello-world                        Hello World! (an example of minimal Dockeriz…   2                                       
markmnei/hello-world-java-docker           Hello-World-Java-docker                         1                                       [OK]
souravpatnaik/hello-world-go               hello-world in Golang                           1                                       
carinamarina/hello-world-app               This is a sample Python web application, run…   1                                       [OK]
kevindockercompany/hello-world                                                             0                                       
freddiedevops/hello-world-spring-boot                                                      0                                       
burdz/hello-world-k8s                      To provide a simple webserver that can have …   0                                       [OK]
koudaiii/hello-world                                                                       0                                       
infrastructureascode/hello-world           A tiny "Hello World" web server with a healt…   0                                       [OK]
ansibleplaybookbundle/hello-world-db-apb   An APB which deploys a sample Hello World! a…   0                                       [OK]
uniplaces/hello-world                                                                      0                                       
ansibleplaybookbundle/hello-world          Simple containerized application that tests …   0                                       
ansibleplaybookbundle/hello-world-apb      An APB which deploys a sample Hello World! a…   0                                       [OK]
nirmata/hello-world                                                                        0                                       [OK]
stumacsolutions/hello-world-container                                                      0                                       
mbrainar/hello-world                       Python-based hello-world web service            0                                       
sharor/hello-world                                                                         0                                       
s390x/hello-world                          Hello World! (an example of minimal Dockeriz…   0                                       
ebenjaminv9/hello-world                    Hello-world                                     0                                       
kousik93/hello-world                                                                       0                                       

• 启动一个容器ubuntu
  基于ubuntu镜像启动容器，如果本地不存在会从公网拉取

[root@180-234 app]# docker run ubuntu

• 查看所有镜像

[root@180-234 app]# docker images 

• 删除一个镜像

docker rmi <-f> 镜像名  ：-f为强制删除

• 导出一个镜像

docker save -o image_name.tar image_name

• 以ubuntu镜像启动一个名叫ubuntu的容器

[root@180-234 app]# docker run --name=ubuntu 4c108a37151f

• 启动一个容器 同时进入

docker run -it 4c108a37151f   ---->镜像ID

• 后台运行一个容器

[root@180-234 app]# docker run  -itd --name=ubuntu ubuntu
649f6f4cf0c790b84da6bb55354f661c54f023fd16e9fb0ed61f1560a3c02973

• 进入容器

[root@180-234 app]# docker exec -it 649f6f4cf0c7 /bin/bash