CodeForces 1373 - C. Pluses and Minuses - 思维 / 计数问题(详解)

这篇博客详细解析了CodeForces 1373 - C. Pluses and Minuses的问题,指出这是一道计数和思维结合的题目。作者提出不需要实际执行操作序列,而是通过跟踪break的位置和使用单调性优化复杂度,从O(n^2)降低到O(n)。文中给出了关键思路和简化代码实现。
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题目传送门:C. Pluses and Minuses

题目大意

给一个由'+'和'-'组成的操作序列,所求res初始为0;

对于一个变量cur(初始值为0),经过'+'字符,cur + 1,经过'-'字符,cur - 1,每经过一次操作res + 1,如果在执行序列的过程中cur<0则break;

使cur的初始值+1并重新执行操作序列(注意res不清零),直到在cur的初始值为某个值的情况下完整的执行完操作序列且不中断(也就是cur在执行过程中一直大于等于0),求最终res的值。(下面附上题目所给伪代码)

res = 0
for init = 0 to inf
    cur = init
    ok = true
    for i = 1 to |s|
        res = res + 1
        if s[i] == '+'
            cur = cur + 1
        else
            cur = cur - 1
        if cur < 0
            ok = false
            break
    if ok
        break

思路

其实就是个计数问题,当然也可以算是个思维

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The problem statement can be found at Codeforces website. Approach: Let's start by looking at some examples: - 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 → No moves needed. - 2, 1, 3, 5, 4 → One move needed: swap index 1 and 2. - 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 → Two moves needed: swap index 1 and 5, then swap index 2 and 4. We can observe that in order to minimize the number of moves, we need to sort the array in non-descending order and keep track of the number of swaps we make. We can use bubble sort to sort the array and count the number of swaps. Let's see how bubble sort works: - Start from the first element, compare it with the second element, and swap them if the second element is smaller. - Move to the second element, compare it with the third element, and swap them if the third element is smaller. - Continue this process until the second-to-last element. At this point, the largest element is in the last position. - Repeat the above process for the remaining elements, but exclude the last position. In each iteration of the above process, we can count the number of swaps made. Therefore, the total number of swaps needed to sort the array can be obtained by summing up the number of swaps made in each iteration. Implementation: We can implement the above approach using a simple bubble sort algorithm. Here's the code: - First, we read the input array and store it in a vector. - We define a variable to keep track of the total number of swaps made and set it to 0. - We run a loop from the first element to the second-to-last element. - In each iteration of the above loop, we run another loop from the first element to the second-to-last element minus the current iteration index. - In each iteration of the inner loop, we compare the current element with the next element and swap them if the next element is smaller. - If a swap is made, we increment the total number of swaps made. - Finally, we output the total number of swaps made. Time Complexity: The time complexity of bubble sort is O(n^2). Therefore, the overall time complexity of the solution is O(n^2). Space Complexity: We are using a vector to store the input array. Therefore, the space complexity of the solution is O(n). Let's see the implementation of the solution.
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