文章要点:
1. 为Controller编写测试,不需要应用服务器环境
2. 为Service编写测试,不需要应用服务器环境
Spring为我们提供了一个测试套件Spring-test,与JUnit结合,可以在运行测试时启动IoC容器测试Service,数据库,也可以在脱离web容器的环境下模拟http请求测试Controller,甚是给力。
测试Controller
当我们编写完一个Controller后,常规的测试方式就是部署运行应用,然后观察运行效果。如果想要编写测试,也要用Mock对象模拟请求参数,模拟HttpSession,特别麻烦。现在spring-test为我们提供了一个更加优雅的测试方式。例如,要测试下面的Controller:
@RequestMapping(value = {"/", "/shop"}, method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String home() {
return "index";
}
其对应的测试代码为:
@Test
public void testHome() throws Exception {
MockMvc mock = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(homeController).build();
mock.perform(get("/")).andExpect(status().isOk())
.andExpect(forwardedUrl("index"));
}
在测试代码中,我们向 HomeController 发送GET请求 "/", 然后判断(andExpect()方法)HTTP状态码是否为200,再判断是否跳转到了"index"页面。如果有任何一环出错,测试就会失败。
我们也可以传送请求参数:
mock.perform(get("/").param("username", "password"))
.andExpect(status().isOk());
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.get;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.forwardedUrl;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;
完整的测试代码如下:
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration
public class HomeControllerTest {
@Autowired
private HomeController homeController;
@Test
public void testHome() throws Exception {
MockMvc mock = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(homeController).build();
mock.perform(get("/")).andExpect(status().isOk())
.andExpect(forwardedUrl("index"));
}
测试Service
Service方法一般会联系到数据操作,所以单纯JUnit难以进行测试。但Spring-test可以轻松应对。JUnit通过@RunWith注解将控制权交给Spring,从而让Spring启动IoC容器:
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
这样依赖注入就可以使用了(@Autowired注解)。但在使用之前,要配置bean,如果涉及数据库操作,还要配置LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean ,就像我们在web开发中的配置一样。数据库配置bean如下:
/**
* 数据库测试配置类
* @author whf
*
*/
@Configuration
public class DatabaseConfigure {
@Autowired
private DataSource dataSource;
@Autowired
private EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory;
@Bean
public FactoryBean<EntityManagerFactory> entityManagerFactory() {
LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean emfb = new LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean();
emfb.setDataSource(this.dataSource);
emfb.setJpaVendorAdapter(jpaVendorAdapter());
emfb.setPackagesToScan("你的package");
Properties prop = new Properties();
prop.put("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto", "create-drop");
prop.put("hibernate.show_sql", "true");
prop.put("hibernate.format_sql", "true");
prop.put("hibernate.dialect", "org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect");
emfb.setJpaProperties(prop);
return emfb;
}
@Bean
public JpaVendorAdapter jpaVendorAdapter() {
return new HibernateJpaVendorAdapter();
}
@Bean
public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager() {
JpaTransactionManager txManager = new JpaTransactionManager();
txManager.setEntityManagerFactory(this.entityManagerFactory);
txManager.setDataSource(this.dataSource);
return txManager;
}
@Bean
public DataSource dataSource() {
EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder builder = new EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder();
builder.setType(EmbeddedDatabaseType.H2);
return builder.build();
}
}
这样一来我们就可以注入EntityManager了。一个完整的测试代码如下:
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = {DatabaseConfigure.class,
DefaultAccountService.class})
@TransactionConfiguration
@Transactional(readOnly = true)
public class AccountServiceTest {
@Autowired
private AccountService acService;
@PersistenceContext
private EntityManager em;
private Member m;
@Before
@Transactional(readOnly = false)
public void initAccountData() {
m = new Member();
m.setUsername("bruce");
m.setPassword("3d4f2bf07dc1be38b20cd6e46949a1071f9d0e3d");
em.persist(m);
}
@After
@Transactional(readOnly = false)
public void cleanDatabase() {
m = em.merge(m);
em.remove(m);
}
@Test
public void testFindByUsername() {
Member m = acService.findMember("bruce");
Assert.assertNotNull(m);
Assert.assertEquals("bruce", m.getUsername());
Assert.assertEquals("3d4f2bf07dc1be38b20cd6e46949a1071f9d0e3d", m.getPassword());
}
要运行上述测试代码,需要的maven依赖如下:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- JDBC连接池 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
<version>1.4</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
<artifactId>h2</artifactId>
<version>1.4.182</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
祝大家编码愉快~