JDK17以上版本不兼容导致的mock maker问题：Could not initialize plugin: interface org.mockito.plugins.MockMaker

最近在跟着视频学习springboot搭建，使用 mvn clean install进行打包时出现了问题。

• 主要问题：最顶层的 IllegalStateException 是由于插件初始化失败引起的。
• 次要问题：这是因为 MockitoInitializationException，即 Byte Buddy mock maker 无法初始化。
• 根本原因：这由一个 IllegalArgumentException 引起，提示 Java Instrumentation API 的问题。
• 循环引用：提供了更多关于异常循环的信息，但不是根本原因。

问题的根本原因

• JDK 版本：Java 22 版本可能不完全支持 Mockito 所需的代理附件机制。这可能是因为 Java 22 是相对较新的版本，而某些库（如 Mockito 和 Byte Buddy）可能还未完全适配。

解决办法

Mockito 5 的开发文档中提到 由于我们使用了 JVM 内部 API，我们发现 JDK 最新版本的问题/不兼容性有所增加。最值得注意的是，JDK 17 进行了一些与当前子类 mockmaker 不兼容的更改。git文档

对于Mockito 5+ 和 jdk 17+ 在内联模拟生成器将不起作用，可以使用子类模拟生成器。

具体代码

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
    <artifactId>mockito-subclass</artifactId>
    <version>5.12.0</version>
</dependency>

将这部分代码添加到依赖中，重新运行，问题得到解决。

错误堆栈：

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Test set: com.example.demo3.Demo3ApplicationTests
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 1, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 7.256 s <<< FAILURE! -- in com.example.demo3.Demo3ApplicationTests
com.example.demo3.Demo3ApplicationTests.contextLoads -- Time elapsed: 0.468 s <<< ERROR!
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Could not initialize plugin: interface org.mockito.plugins.MockMaker (alternate: null)
	at org.mockito.internal.configuration.plugins.PluginLoader$1.invoke(PluginLoader.java:85)
	at jdk.proxy2/jdk.proxy2.$Proxy129.getHandler(Unknown Source)
	at org.mockito.internal.util.MockUtil.getMockHandlerOrNull(MockUtil.java:158)
	at org.mockito.internal.util.MockUtil.isMock(MockUtil.java:147)
	at org.mockito.internal.util.DefaultMockingDetails.isMock(DefaultMockingDetails.java:32)
	at org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockReset.get(MockReset.java:106)
	at org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.ResetMocksTestExecutionListener.resetMocks(ResetMocksTestExecutionListener.java:85)
	at org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.ResetMocksTestExecutionListener.resetMocks(ResetMocksTestExecutionListener.java:73)
	at org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.ResetMocksTestExecutionListener.beforeTestMethod(ResetMocksTestExecutionListener.java:60)
	at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.beforeTestMethod(TestContextManager.java:320)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension.beforeEach(SpringExtension.java:240)
	at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1597)
	at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1597)
	Suppressed: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Could not initialize plugin: interface org.mockito.plugins.MockMaker (alternate: null)
		at org.mockito.internal.configuration.plugins.PluginLoader$1.invoke(PluginLoader.java:85)
		at jdk.proxy2/jdk.proxy2.$Proxy129.getHandler(Unknown Source)
		at org.mockito.internal.util.MockUtil.getMockHandlerOrNull(MockUtil.java:158)
		at org.mockito.internal.util.MockUtil.isMock(MockUtil.java:147)
		at org.mockito.internal.util.DefaultMockingDetails.isMock(DefaultMockingDetails.java:32)
		at org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockReset.get(MockReset.java:106)
		at org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.ResetMocksTestExecutionListener.resetMocks(ResetMocksTestExecutionListener.java:85)
		at org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.ResetMocksTestExecutionListener.resetMocks(ResetMocksTestExecutionListener.java:73)
		at org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.ResetMocksTestExecutionListener.afterTestMethod(ResetMocksTestExecutionListener.java:67)
		at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.afterTestMethod(TestContextManager.java:487)
		at org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension.afterEach(SpringExtension.java:278)
		... 2 more
	Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Internal problem occurred, please report it. Mockito is unable to load the default implementation of class that is a part of Mockito distribution. Failed to load interface org.mockito.plugins.MockMaker
		at org.mockito.internal.configuration.plugins.DefaultMockitoPlugins.create(DefaultMockitoPlugins.java:105)
		at org.mockito.internal.configuration.plugins.DefaultMockitoPlugins.getDefaultPlugin(DefaultMockitoPlugins.java:79)
		at org.mockito.internal.configuration.plugins.PluginLoader.loadPlugin(PluginLoader.java:75)
		at org.mockito.internal.configuration.plugins.PluginLoader.loadPlugin(PluginLoader.java:49)
		at org.mockito.internal.configuration.plugins.PluginRegistry.<init>(PluginRegistry.java:29)
		at org.mockito.internal.configuration.plugins.Plugins.<clinit>(Plugins.java:26)
		at org.mockito.internal.MockitoCore.<clinit>(MockitoCore.java:71)
		at org.mockito.Mockito.<clinit>(Mockito.java:1683)
		at org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockReset.get(MockReset.java:105)
		at org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.ResetMocksTestExecutionListener.resetMocks(ResetMocksTestExecutionListener.java:85)
		at org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.ResetMocksTestExecutionListener.resetMocks(ResetMocksTestExecutionListener.java:73)
		at org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.ResetMocksTestExecutionListener.beforeTestMethod(ResetMocksTestExecutionListener.java:60)
		at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.beforeTestMethod(TestContextManager.java:320)
		at org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension.beforeEach(SpringExtension.java:240)
		... 2 more
	Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
		at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstanceWithCaller(Constructor.java:502)
		at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:486)
		at org.mockito.internal.configuration.plugins.DefaultMockitoPlugins.create(DefaultMockitoPlugins.java:103)
		... 15 more
	Caused by: org.mockito.exceptions.base.MockitoInitializationException: 
Could not initialize inline Byte Buddy mock maker.

It appears as if your JDK does not supply a working agent attachment mechanism.
Java               : 22
JVM vendor name    : Oracle Corporation
JVM vendor version : 22.0.2+9-70
JVM name           : OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM
JVM version        : 22.0.2+9-70
JVM info           : mixed mode, sharing
OS name            : Windows 10
OS version         : 10.0

		at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.InlineDelegateByteBuddyMockMaker.<init>(InlineDelegateByteBuddyMockMaker.java:260)
		at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.InlineByteBuddyMockMaker.<init>(InlineByteBuddyMockMaker.java:23)
		... 18 more
	Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
		at java.instrument/sun.instrument.InstrumentationImpl.appendToClassLoaderSearch0(Native Method)
		at java.instrument/sun.instrument.InstrumentationImpl.appendToBootstrapClassLoaderSearch(InstrumentationImpl.java:280)
		at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.InlineDelegateByteBuddyMockMaker.<clinit>(InlineDelegateByteBuddyMockMaker.java:177)
		... 19 more
Caused by: [CIRCULAR REFERENCE: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Internal problem occurred, please report it. Mockito is unable to load the default implementation of class that is a part of Mockito distribution. Failed to load interface org.mockito.plugins.MockMaker]