Docker 容器使用
说明:我们有了镜像才可以创建容器,linux,下载一个centos镜像来测试学习
docker pull centos
新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] image
#参数说明
--name="Name" 容器名字,比如tomcat01,tomcat02,用来区分容器
-d 后台方式运行
-it 使用交互方式运行,进入容器查看内容
-p 指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
#端口的几种写法:
-p ip:主机端口:容器端口
-p 主机端口:容器端口(常用)
-p 容器端口
容器端口
-p 随机指定端口
#测试,启动并进入容器,进入以后主机名变成了容器id
chenzhewei@chenzhenweideMacBook-Pro ~ % docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@3dc132bf9180 /]#
#查看容器内的centos,基础版本
[root@3dc132bf9180 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
#从容器中退回主机
[root@3dc132bf9180 /]# exit
exit
chenzhenwei@chenzhenweideMacBook-Pro ~ %
列出所有的运行容器
#docker ps 列出当前正在运行的容器
#docker ps -a 列出当前正在运行的容器+停止运行的容器
#docker ps -a -n=? #显示出最近创建的?个容器,?是1就是一个容器,依次类推
#docker ps -q 只显示容器的编号
chenzhewei@chenzheweideMacBook-Pro ~ % docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
chenzhewei@chenzheweideMacBook-Pro ~ % docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3dc132bf9180 centos "/bin/bash" 6 minutes ago Exited (127) About a minute ago musing_franklin
80fe8c857925 d1165f221234 "/hello" 13 hours ago Exited (0) 13 hours ago optimistic_almeida
4ef1ce20ebee docker/getting-started "/docker-entrypoint.…" 13 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago intelligent_khayyam
chenzhewei@chenzheweideMacBook-Pro ~ % docker ps -a -n=1
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3dc132bf9180 centos "/bin/bash" 25 minutes ago Exited (127) 20 minutes ago musing_franklin
chenzhewei@chenzheweideMacBook-Pro ~ % docker ps -aq
3dc132bf9180
80fe8c857925
4ef1ce20ebee
退出容器
exit #直接容器停止并退出
Ctrl + P + Q #容器不停止退出,mac操作无效
删除容器
docker rm 容器id #删除指定的容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) #删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm #删除指定的容器
启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id #启动容器
docker restart 容器id #重启容器
docker stop 容器id #停止当前正在的容器
docker kill 容器id #强制停止当前容器
其他常用命令
后台启动容器:
#命令 docker run -d 镜像名;
chenzhewei@chenzheweideMacBook-Pro ~ % docker run -d centos
010bcc9e26c7134fc830e1e8b040c305ea19ac96096406b9990748f6d2f48855
#问题:使用docker ps 命令发现容器停止了。
chenzhewei@chenzheweideMacBook-Pro ~ % docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
#常见的坑,docker容器使用后台运行,就必须有一个前台进程,docker 发现没有应用,就会自动停止
#nginx容器启动后,发现自己没有提供服务就会立即停止,就是没有程序了。
查看日志:
#在centos里执行一条一直循环的脚本,用于演示日志查看
chenzhewei@chenzheweideMacBook-Pro ~ % docker run -d centos /bin/bash -c "while true;do echo kuangshen;sleep 1;done"
ab95b091300a80d0ee0010e8cbf085446226c691bf12531df6e3f30284bc2d33
chenzhewei@chenzheweideMacBook-Pro ~ % docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ab95b091300a centos "/bin/bash -c 'while…" 10 seconds ago Up 9 seconds priceless_poincare
#然后用查看日志的命令来查看日志:docker logs -f -t --tail 10 [容器id]
chenzhenwei@chenzhenweideMacBook-Pro ~ % docker logs -f -t --tail 10 ab95b091300a
2021-04-06T16:01:20.916000800Z kuangshen
2021-04-06T16:01:21.919060300Z kuangshen
2021-04-06T16:01:22.923890500Z kuangshen
2021-04-06T16:01:23.927345100Z kuangshen
2021-04-06T16:01:24.933245800Z kuangshen
2021-04-06T16:01:25.936827600Z kuangshen
2021-04-06T16:01:26.941693300Z kuangshen
2021-04-06T16:01:27.944816500Z kuangshen
2021-04-06T16:01:28.948191700Z kuangshen
2021-04-06T16:01:29.952465000Z kuangshen
2021-04-06T16:01:30.960676600Z kuangshen
查看容器中的进程信息:
# docker top 容器id
#uid 用户id,pid 当前进程id,ppid 父进程id
chenzhewei@binarychentekiMacBook-Pro docker top a74a08bf3368
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2012 1986 0 12:00 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo kuangsheng;sleep 1;done
root 2156 2012 0 12:01 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
查看容器的元数据:
#docker inspect 容器id
chenzhewei@binarychetekiMacBook-Pro ~ docker inspect a74a08bf3368
[
{
"Id": "a74a08bf33685167773d28a9072c40fdfc88577d2072c3d89240c31048468f8c",
"Created": "2021-04-07T12:00:52.288953518Z",
"Path": "/bin/sh",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo kuangsheng;sleep 1;done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 2012,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2021-04-07T12:00:52.773772873Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a74a08bf33685167773d28a9072c40fdfc88577d2072c3d89240c31048468f8c/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a74a08bf33685167773d28a9072c40fdfc88577d2072c3d89240c31048468f8c/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a74a08bf33685167773d28a9072c40fdfc88577d2072c3d89240c31048468f8c/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a74a08bf33685167773d28a9072c40fdfc88577d2072c3d89240c31048468f8c/a74a08bf33685167773d28a9072c40fdfc88577d2072c3d89240c31048468f8c-json.log",
"Name": "/flamboyant_mirzakhani",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/31731ff5ee337e4b76f764d644c069c07f5d4aaba0fbce27da15d7c1411acb7c-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/bec440006861a5e2c7d1dfbeb2a654cf2f13ee9294da1e5f0c0d95d054a829a1/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/31731ff5ee337e4b76f764d644c069c07f5d4aaba0fbce27da15d7c1411acb7c/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/31731ff5ee337e4b76f764d644c069c07f5d4aaba0fbce27da15d7c1411acb7c/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/31731ff5ee337e4b76f764d644c069c07f5d4aaba0fbce27da15d7c1411acb7c/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "a74a08bf3368",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"while true;do echo kuangsheng;sleep 1;done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "dd79afdd778b526524b55f16a325e18454b91fd32264e1039d007f8151a54755",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/dd79afdd778b",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "c4b5ce4d6a9029928d9756c940272c5460a7fe101c5cb45e4926c97bce48836d",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "4982d30632c91c00734693d3a7d3d24057b33c4801edbbb2f4f56a6ab0b0825e",
"EndpointID": "c4b5ce4d6a9029928d9756c940272c5460a7fe101c5cb45e4926c97bce48836d",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
容器id是元数据id的前8位,如下图所示。
进入当前正在运行的容器:
#我们通常使用的容器都是使用后台方式运行的,我们有的需要进入容器,修改一些配置。
#docker exec -it [容器id] /bin/bash
chenzhewei@binarychentekiMacBook-Pro ~ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a74a08bf3368 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 39 minutes ago Up 39 minutes flamboyant_mirzakhani
13518fc040d0 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 41 minutes ago Up 41 minutes priceless_northcutt
chenzhewei@binarychentekiMacBook-Pro ~ docker exec -it a74a08bf3368 /bin/bash
[root@a74a08bf3368 /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 12:00 ? 00:00:01 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo kuangsheng;sleep 1;done
root 2394 0 0 12:40 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 2478 1 0 12:41 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
root 2479 2394 0 12:41 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef
[root@a74a08bf3368 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
#方式二
#docker attach [容器id]
chenzhewei@binarychentekiMacBook-Pro ~ docker attach a74a08bf3368
kuangsheng ->当前正在执行的代码
kuangsheng
kuangsheng
kuangsheng
#两者的区别
#docker exec #进入容器后开启一个新的终端,可以在里面操作(常用)
#docker attach #进入容器正在执行的终端,不会启动新的进程
从容器内拷贝文件到主机上:
#docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的的主机路径
#没有复现,所以老师的笔记如下