KCV/KVO与AFNetworking
一.KVC/KVO
1.KVC的使用
KVC全称是Key Value Coding(键值对编程),其本质上是对NSObject类的扩展(NSObject类的Category),它提供一种机制来间接访问对象的属性。KVO全称Key Value Observing(键值对观察),是建立KVC之上的模型对象的观察者模式的实现。
一个对象拥有某些属性。比如说,一个Person对象有一个name和一个address属性。以KVC说法,Person对象分别有一个value对应他的name和address键。 key只是一个字符串,它对应的值可以是任意类型的对象。从最基础的层次上看,KVC有两个方法:一个是设置key的值,另一个是获取key对应的值。
例如我们从网络获得一个JSON格式的数据,它里面的键值对正好跟一个对象的属性一一对应,那么我们可以非常方便的用JSON格式的数据完成对象属性的赋值,而不需要去处理对象的每一个属性,代码如下所示:
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
@interface Person : NSObject
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;
@property (nonatomic, assign) int age;
@property (nonatomic, assign) double weight;
@end
#import "Person.h"
@implementation Person
- (void)setValue:(id)value forUndefinedKey:(NSString *)key {
// 遇到没有对应的键时什么都不要做,这一点非常重要
}
- (NSString *)description {
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ - %d - %f", self.name, self.age, self.weight];
}
@end
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
NSMutableDictionary *dict = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
[dict setObject:@“elean” forKey:@"name"];
[dict setObject:@“18” forKey:@"age"];
[dict setObject:@“40” forKey:@"weight"];
Person *person = [[CDPerson alloc] init];
// 直接用字典中的键值对映射给person的对应属性赋值
[person setValuesForKeysWithDictionary:dict];
// 通过KVC的方式修改对象的属性
[person setValue:@"张三丰" forKey:@"name"];
[person setValue:@"120" forKey:@"age"];
NSLog(@"%@", person);
}
2.KVO的使用
Key-Value Observing(KVO)建立在KVC之上,它能够观察一个对象指定属性值的变化,在需要的时候产生对应的通知。
KVO示例代码:
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface Account : NSObject
@property (nonatomic, assign) double balance;
@end
@implementation Account
@end
@interface Person : NSObject
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *name;
@property (nonatomic, assign) int age;
@property (nonatomic, strong) Account *account;
@end
@implementation Person
- (void)setAccount:(Account *)account {
_account = account;
[self.account addObserver:self forKeyPath:@"balance"
options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew | NSKeyValueObservingOptionOld context:nil];
}
- (void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath ofObject:(id)object change:(NSDictionary *)change context:(void *)context {
if ([keyPath isEqualToString:@"balance"]) {
//Account *tempAccount = (id) object;
//NSLog(@"账户余额发生改变: %f", tempAccount.balance);;
double oldValue = [change[@"old"] doubleValue];
double newValue = [change[@"new"] doubleValue];
NSLog(@"账户余额改变: %f", newValue - oldValue);
}
}
- (NSString *)description {
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ : %d : %f", self.name, self.age, self.account.balance];
}
- (void)dealloc {
[self.account removeObserver:self forKeyPath:@"balance"];
}
@end
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
Person *person = [[Person alloc] init];
person.name = @“elean”;
person.age = 18;
Account *account = [[Account alloc] init];
account.balance = 1000;
person.account = account;
NSLog(@"%@", person);
person.account.balance = 800;
}
return 0;
}
这里有几点需要注意:
- valueForKey:方法用于以字符串调用对象的get属性方法,或者读取成员变量的值;与之相对的是setValue:forKey:,它用于以字符串调用对象的set属性方法,或者修改成员变量的值。
- 对于基本数据类型,KVC方法会对基本数据类型进行封装,基本数据类型封装为NSNumber,其他结构体类型封装为NSValue
- 在使用KVC时,如果找不到字符串对应的属性和成员变量时会调用valueForUndefinedKey:或者setValue:forUndefinedKey:这两个方法,默认情况下会抛出异常
- 在默认情况下KVC方法能够直接访问类的私有成员变量,如果我们不想这样,可以重写accessInstanceVariablesDirectly方法,并令其返回NO(默认是返回YES)
- KVC方法定义在NSKeyValueCoding类别中,该类别附加于NSObject类上,所以所有对象都具有这些方法
- 在一些特殊的类的对象上调用KVC方法会有特别的效果。对于数组NSArray、集合NSSet,调用valueForKey:会对每个数组和集合成员调用valueForKey:,并返回新的数组或者集合
- 在KVC中还有一种常用技术,称为键值链(Key Path)。(拓展内容 详情查看代码)键值链是用点将若干键相连的字符串,例如“manufacturer.product.name”。通过在对象上调用valueForKeyPath:或者setValue:forKeyPath:,我们就可以在一条语句中级联调用指定的属性。
二.JSONModel
JSONModel可以让你快速创建智能的JSON数据模型,可在iOS和MacOS X应用中使用。使用JSONModel时,不需要额外去检查所要的服务器属性是否有返回。JSONModel的initWithDictionary方法会自动去进行检查并处理。
三.SDWebImage图片的异步下载
[SDWebImage下载地址链接](https://github.com/rs/SDWebImage)
[SDWebImage的文档连接](http://cocoadocs.org/docsets/SDWebImage/3.7.2/)
旧版本的SDWebImage使用MRC编写 需要在工程-》Build Phases-》Compile Sources-》SDWebImage相关文件后 输入 -fno-objc-arc
四.AFNetworking
AFNetworking是一个能够快速使用的iOS和MacOS X下的网络框架,它是构建在Foundation URL Loading System之上的,封装了网络的抽象层,可以方便的使用,是一个模块化架构并拥有丰富API的框架。
HTTP请求和操作
// GET请求
AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *manager = [AFHTTPRequestOperationManager manager];
[manager GET:@"http://example.com/resources.json" parameters:nil success:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id responseObject) {
NSLog(@"JSON: %@", responseObject);
} failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error) {
NSLog(@"Error: %@", error);
}];
// 带有表单参数的POST请求
AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *manager = [AFHTTPRequestOperationManager manager];
NSDictionary *parameters = @{@"foo": @"bar"};
[manager POST:@"http://example.com/resources.json" parameters:parameters success:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id responseObject) {
NSLog(@"JSON: %@", responseObject);
} failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error) {
NSLog(@"Error: %@", error);
}];
// 上传表单和文件
AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *manager = [AFHTTPRequestOperationManager manager];
NSDictionary *parameters = @{@"foo": @"bar"};
NSURL *filePath = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:@"file://path/to/image.png"];
[manager POST:@"http://example.com/resources.json" parameters:parameters constructingBodyWithBlock:^(id<AFMultipartFormData> formData) {
[formData appendPartWithFileURL:filePath name:@"image" error:nil];
} success:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id responseObject) {
NSLog(@"Success: %@", responseObject);
} failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error) {
NSLog(@"Error: %@", error);
}];
Session管理
// 创建一个下载任务
NSURLSessionConfiguration *configuration = [NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration];
AFURLSessionManager *manager = [[AFURLSessionManager alloc] initWithSessionConfiguration:configuration];
NSURL *URL = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://example.com/download.zip"];
NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:URL];
NSURLSessionDownloadTask *downloadTask = [manager downloadTaskWithRequest:request progress:nil destination:^NSURL *(NSURL *targetPath, NSURLResponse *response) {
NSURL *documentsDirectoryURL = [[NSFileManager defaultManager] URLForDirectory:NSDocumentDirectory inDomain:NSUserDomainMask appropriateForURL:nil create:NO error:nil];
return [documentsDirectoryURL URLByAppendingPathComponent:[response suggestedFilename]];
} completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse *response, NSURL *filePath, NSError *error) {
NSLog(@"File downloaded to: %@", filePath);
}];
[downloadTask resume];
// 创建一个上传任务
NSURLSessionConfiguration *configuration = [NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration];
AFURLSessionManager *manager = [[AFURLSessionManager alloc] initWithSessionConfiguration:configuration];
NSURL *URL = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://example.com/upload"];
NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:URL];
NSURL *filePath = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:@"file://path/to/image.png"];
NSURLSessionUploadTask *uploadTask = [manager uploadTaskWithRequest:request fromFile:filePath progress:nil completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse *response, id responseObject, NSError *error) {
if (error) {
NSLog(@"Error: %@", error);
} else {
NSLog(@"Success: %@ %@", response, responseObject);
}
}];
[uploadTask resume];
// 创建一个带进度的上传任务
NSMutableURLRequest *request = [[AFHTTPRequestSerializer serializer] multipartFormRequestWithMethod:@"POST" URLString:@"http://example.com/upload" parameters:nil constructingBodyWithBlock:^(id<AFMultipartFormData> formData) {
[formData appendPartWithFileURL:[NSURL fileURLWithPath:@"file://path/to/image.jpg"] name:@"file" fileName:@"filename.jpg" mimeType:@"image/jpeg" error:nil];
} error:nil];
AFURLSessionManager *manager = [[AFURLSessionManager alloc] initWithSessionConfiguration:[NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration]];
NSProgress *progress = nil;
NSURLSessionUploadTask *uploadTask = [manager uploadTaskWithStreamedRequest:request progress:&progress completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse *response, id responseObject, NSError *error) {
if (error) {
NSLog(@"Error: %@", error);
} else {
NSLog(@"%@ %@", response, responseObject);
}
}];
[uploadTask resume];
// 创建请求对象
NSString *URLString = @"http://example.com";
NSDictionary *parameters = @{@"foo": @"bar", @"baz": @[@1, @2, @3]};
[[AFHTTPRequestSerializer serializer] requestWithMethod:@"GET" URLString:URLString parameters:parameters error:nil];
// 网络可达性检测
[[AFNetworkReachabilityManager sharedManager] setReachabilityStatusChangeBlock:^(AFNetworkReachabilityStatus status) {
NSLog(@"Reachability: %@", AFStringFromNetworkReachabilityStatus(status));
}];
[[AFNetworkReachabilityManager sharedManager] startMonitoring];
// 基于HTTP请求操作管理器的网络可达性检测
NSURL *baseURL = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://example.com/"];
AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *manager = [[AFHTTPRequestOperationManager alloc] initWithBaseURL:baseURL];
NSOperationQueue *operationQueue = manager.operationQueue;
[manager.reachabilityManager setReachabilityStatusChangeBlock:^(AFNetworkReachabilityStatus status) {
switch (status) {
case AFNetworkReachabilityStatusReachableViaWWAN:
case AFNetworkReachabilityStatusReachableViaWiFi:
[operationQueue setSuspended:NO];
break;
case AFNetworkReachabilityStatusNotReachable:
default:
[operationQueue setSuspended:YES];
break;
}
}];
[manager.reachabilityManager startMonitoring];
// 批量任务处理
NSMutableArray *mutableOperations = [NSMutableArray array];
for (NSURL *fileURL in filesToUpload) {
NSURLRequest *request = [[AFHTTPRequestSerializer serializer] multipartFormRequestWithMethod:@"POST" URLString:@"http://example.com/upload" parameters:nil constructingBodyWithBlock:^(id<AFMultipartFormData> formData) {
[formData appendPartWithFileURL:fileURL name:@"images[]" error:nil];
}];
AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation = [[AFHTTPRequestOperation alloc] initWithRequest:request];
[mutableOperations addObject:operation];
}
NSArray *operations = [AFURLConnectionOperation batchOfRequestOperations:@[...] progressBlock:^(NSUInteger numberOfFinishedOperations, NSUInteger totalNumberOfOperations) {
NSLog(@"%lu of %lu complete", numberOfFinishedOperations, totalNumberOfOperations);
} completionBlock:^(NSArray *operations) {
NSLog(@"All operations in batch complete");
}];
[[NSOperationQueue mainQueue] addOperations:operations waitUntilFinished:NO];
<key>NSAppTransportSecurity</key>
<dict>
<key>NSAllowsArbitraryLoads</key>
<true/>
</dict>