Android AOP(一)：APT Annotation Processing Tool 注解处理器

介绍

APT(Annotation Processing Tool)即注解处理器，是一种处理注解的工具，确切的说它是javac的一个工具，它用来在编译时扫描和处理注解。注解处理器以Java代码(或者编译过的字节码)作为输入，生成.java文件作为输出。
简单来说就是在编译期，通过注解生成.java文件。

优点
使用APT的优点就是方便、简单，可以少些很多重复的代码。
用过ButterKnife、Dagger、EventBus等注解框架的同学就能感受到，利用这些框架可以少些很多代码，只要写一些注解就可以了。
其实，他们不过是通过注解，生成了一些代码。通过对APT的学习，你就会发现，他们很强~~~

使用步骤

1、apt-annotation（自定义注解）

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.CLASS) //运行时注解
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)         //表示注解范围为类成员（构造方法、方法、成员变量）
public @interface AttachView {
    int value();
}

2、apt-processor（注解处理器）

dependencies {
    implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
    compile 'com.google.auto.service:auto-service:1.0-rc2'//谷歌的帮助我们快速实现注解处理器
    compile project(':apt-annotation')//自己定义的注解的java lib
    compile 'com.squareup:javapoet:1.7.0'//用来生成java文件的，避免字符串拼接的尴尬
}

创建AttachProcessor

@AutoService(Processor.class)
public class ActivityInjectProcesser extends AbstractProcessor {
    private Filer mFiler; //文件相关的辅助类
    private Elements mElementUtils; //元素相关的辅助类  许多元素
    private Messager mMessager; //日志相关的辅助类

    private Map<String, AnnotatedClass> mAnnotatedClassMap;

    @Override
    public synchronized void init(ProcessingEnvironment processingEnv) {
        super.init(processingEnv);
        mFiler = processingEnv.getFiler();
        mElementUtils = processingEnv.getElementUtils();
        mMessager = processingEnv.getMessager();
        mAnnotatedClassMap = new TreeMap<>();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean process(Set<? extends TypeElement> annotations, RoundEnvironment roundEnv) {
        mAnnotatedClassMap.clear();

        try {
            processActivityCheck(roundEnv);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            error(e.getMessage());
        }

        for (AnnotatedClass annotatedClass : mAnnotatedClassMap.values()) {
            try {
                annotatedClass.generateActivityFile().writeTo(mFiler);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                error("Generate file failed, reason: %s", e.getMessage());
            }
        }
        return true;
    }


    private void processActivityCheck(RoundEnvironment roundEnv) throws IllegalArgumentException, ClassNotFoundException {
        //check ruleslass forName(String className
        for (Element element : roundEnv.getElementsAnnotatedWith((Class<? extends Annotation>) Class.forName(TypeUtil.ANNOTATION_PATH))) {
            if (element.getKind() == ElementKind.CLASS) {
                getAnnotatedClass(element);
            } else
                error("ActivityInject only can use  in ElementKind.CLASS");
        }
    }

    private AnnotatedClass getAnnotatedClass(Element element) {
        // tipe . can not use chines  so  ....
        // get TypeElement  element is class's --->class  TypeElement typeElement = (TypeElement) element
        //  get TypeElement  element is method's ---> TypeElement typeElement = (TypeElement) element.getEnclosingElement();
        TypeElement typeElement = (TypeElement) element;
        String fullName = typeElement.getQualifiedName().toString();
        AnnotatedClass annotatedClass = mAnnotatedClassMap.get(fullName);
        if (annotatedClass == null) {
            annotatedClass = new AnnotatedClass(typeElement, mElementUtils, mMessager);
            mAnnotatedClassMap.put(fullName, annotatedClass);
        }
        return annotatedClass;
    }


    @Override
    public SourceVersion getSupportedSourceVersion() {
        return SourceVersion.latestSupported();
    }


    @Override
    public Set<String> getSupportedAnnotationTypes() {
        Set<String> types = new LinkedHashSet<>();
        types.add(TypeUtil.ANNOTATION_PATH);
        return types;
    }

    private void error(String msg, Object... args) {
        mMessager.printMessage(Diagnostic.Kind.ERROR, String.format(msg, args));
    }

    private void log(String msg, Object... args) {
        mMessager.printMessage(Diagnostic.Kind.NOTE, String.format(msg, args));
    }
}

public class AnnotatedClass {


    private TypeElement mTypeElement;//activity  //fragmemt
    private Elements mElements;
    private Messager mMessager;//日志打印

    public AnnotatedClass(TypeElement typeElement, Elements elements, Messager messager) {
        mTypeElement = typeElement;
        mElements = elements;
        this.mMessager = messager;
    }


    public JavaFile generateActivityFile() {
        // build inject method
        MethodSpec.Builder injectMethod = MethodSpec.methodBuilder(TypeUtil.METHOD_NAME)
                .addModifiers(Modifier.PUBLIC)
                .addParameter(TypeName.get(mTypeElement.asType()), "activity", Modifier.FINAL);
        injectMethod.addStatement("android.widget.Toast.makeText" +
                "(activity, $S,android.widget.Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();", "from build");
        //generaClass
        TypeSpec injectClass = TypeSpec.classBuilder(mTypeElement.getSimpleName() + "$$InjectActivity")
                .addModifiers(Modifier.PUBLIC)
                .addMethod(injectMethod.build())
                .build();
        String packgeName = mElements.getPackageOf(mTypeElement).getQualifiedName().toString();
        return JavaFile.builder(packgeName, injectClass).build();
    }

}

public class TypeUtil {
    public static final String METHOD_NAME = "inject";
    public static final String ANNOTATION_PATH = "com.example.apt_annotation.AttachView";
}

3、apt-library 工具类

public class InjectActivity {
    private static final ArrayMap<String, Object> injectMap = new ArrayMap<>();

    public static void inject(AppCompatActivity activity) {
        String className = activity.getClass().getName();
        try {
            Object inject = injectMap.get(className);

            if (inject == null) {
                Class<?> aClass = Class.forName(className + "$$InjectActivity");
                inject = aClass.newInstance();
                injectMap.put(className, inject);
            }
            Method m1 = inject.getClass().getDeclaredMethod("inject", activity.getClass());
            m1.invoke(inject, activity);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

使用工具类，反射调用如下类的inject方法toast

public class MainActivity$$InjectActivity {
  public void inject(final MainActivity activity) {
    android.widget.Toast.makeText(activity, "from build",android.widget.Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();;
  }
}

 @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_file_list);
        InjectActivity.inject(this);//调用build生成的类
        ···

注解实现统一Java Toast方法如上。