标准库算法函数：std::find_if

         find_if函数，要包含头文件<algorithm>，下面是函数原型

template <class InputIterator, class UnaryPredicate>   
InputIterator 
	find_if (InputIterator first, InputIterator last, UnaryPredicate pred);

        该函数，用来在容器中查找符合条件的元素，第三个参数pred，是函数指针，或是函数对象，pred为一元函数（单参函数），以容器范围内的元素为参数，返回值表示是否与函数中的值相符，第三个参数pred，用一般单参函数，函数对象，lambda表达式来实现查询：

        一、一般单参函数compare

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>  //find_if
 
struct A {                //容器元素类型
	std::string name;
	int age;
};
 
std::vector<A> va;        //容器
 
std::string NameToFind;     //全局变量
 
bool compare(const A& a){   //一般单参函数compare 
	return a.name == NameToFind;
}
 
void printFind() 
{
    std::cout << "input NameToFind:\n";
    std::cin  >> NameToFind;
 
    auto it = va.begin();
	bool isFind = false;
	
	while( it != va.end() ) 
	{
		std:: cout << "-------------------\n";
		
		it = std::find_if(it, va.end(), compare );//查找
		if (it != va.end() ){
			isFind = true;
			std:: cout << it->name << "\n";
			std:: cout << it->age  << "\n";
			it++;
		}	
	}
	if ( !isFind ){
		std::cout << "notFind" << "\n";
	}
}
 
int main()
{
    A t1;
	t1.name = "Hello";
	t1.age = 11;
	va.push_back(t1);
	
	A t2;
	t2.name = "Hello";
	t2.age = 22;
	va.push_back(t2);
		
	printFind();
    
    return 0;
}

        二、lambda表达式

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>  //find_if
 
struct A {                //容器元素类型
	std::string name;
	int age;
};
 
std::vector<A> va;        //容器
 
void printFind() 
{
	std::string NameToFind;//局部变量
    std::cout << "input NameToFind:\n";
    std::cin  >> NameToFind;
 
    auto it = va.begin();
	bool isFind = false;
	
	while( it != va.end() ) 
	{
		std:: cout << "-------------------\n";
		
		it = std::find_if(it, va.end(), 
			[NameToFind](const A& a){ return NameToFind == a.name; } );//lambda
		if (it != va.end() ){
			isFind = true;
			std:: cout << it->name << "\n";
			std:: cout << it->age  << "\n";
			it++;
		}	
	}
	if ( !isFind ){
		std::cout << "notFind" << "\n";
	}
}
 
int main()
{
    A t1;
	t1.name = "Hello";
	t1.age = 11;
	va.push_back(t1);
	
	A t2;
	t2.name = "Hello";
	t2.age = 22;
	va.push_back(t2);
		
	printFind();
    
    return 0;
}

        三、函数对象

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>  //find_if

struct A {                //容器元素类型
	std::string name;
	int age;
	bool operator()(const A&a ) { return this->name == a.name; }
};

std::vector<A> va;        //容器

void printFind() 
{
	std::string NameToFind;//局部变量
    std::cout << "input NameToFind:\n";
    std::cin  >> NameToFind;
	
	A t;
	t.name = NameToFind;

    auto it = va.begin();
	bool isFind = false;
	
	while( it != va.end() ) 
	{
		std:: cout << "-------------------\n";
		
		it = std::find_if(it, va.end(), t );//函数对象
		if (it != va.end() ){
			isFind = true;
			std:: cout << it->name << "\n";
			std:: cout << it->age  << "\n";
			it++;
		}	
	}
	if ( !isFind ){
		std::cout << "notFind" << "\n";
	}
}

int main()
{
    A t1;
	t1.name = "Hello";
	t1.age = 11;
	va.push_back(t1);
	
	A t2;
	t2.name = "Hello";
	t2.age = 22;
	va.push_back(t2);
		
	printFind();
    
    return 0;
}