oracle 行转列，列转行

 

目录结构如下：

• 行转列
• 列转行

[一]、行转列

1.1、初始测试数据

表结构：TEST_TB_GRADE

Sql代码

1. create table TEST_TB_GRADE
2. (
3. ID NUMBER(10) not null,
4. USER_NAME VARCHAR2(20 CHAR),
5. COURSE VARCHAR2(20 CHAR),
6. SCORE FLOAT
7. )

[sql] view plain copy print ?

1. create table TEST_TB_GRADE
2. (
3. ID NUMBER(10) not null,
4. USER_NAME VARCHAR2(20 CHAR),
5. COURSE VARCHAR2(20 CHAR),
6. SCORE FLOAT
7. )

create table TEST_TB_GRADE ( ID NUMBER(10) not null, USER_NAME VARCHAR2(20 CHAR), COURSE VARCHAR2(20 CHAR), SCORE FLOAT )

初始数据如下图：

1.2、 如果需要实现如下的查询效果图：

这就是最常见的行转列，主要原理是利用decode函数、聚集函数(sum)，结合group by分组实现的，具体的sql如下：

Sql代码

1. select t.user_name,
2. sum(decode(t.course, '语文', score,null)) as CHINESE,
3. sum(decode(t.course, '数学', score,null)) as MATH,
4. sum(decode(t.course, '英语', score,null)) as ENGLISH
5. from test_tb_grade t
6. group by t.user_name
7. order by t.user_name

[sql] view plain copy print ?

1. select t.user_name,
2. sum(decode(t.course, '语文', score,null)) as CHINESE,
3. sum(decode(t.course, '数学', score,null)) as MATH,
4. sum(decode(t.course, '英语', score,null)) as ENGLISH
5. from test_tb_grade t
6. group by t.user_name
7. order by t.user_name

select t.user_name, sum(decode(t.course, '语文', score,null)) as CHINESE, sum(decode(t.course, '数学', score,null)) as MATH, sum(decode(t.course, '英语', score,null)) as ENGLISH from test_tb_grade t group by t.user_name order by t.user_name

1.3、延伸

如果要实现对各门功课的不同分数段进行统计，效果图如下：

具体的实现sql如下：

Sql代码

1. select t2.SCORE_GP,
2. sum(decode(t2.course, '语文', COUNTNUM,null)) as CHINESE,
3. sum(decode(t2.course, '数学', COUNTNUM,null)) as MATH,
4. sum(decode(t2.course, '英语', COUNTNUM,null)) as ENGLISH
5. from (
6. select t.course,
7. case when t.score <60 then '00-60'
8. when t.score >=60 and t.score <80 then '60-80'
9. when t.score >=80 then '80-100' end as SCORE_GP,
10. count(t.score) as COUNTNUM
11. FROM test_tb_grade t
12. group by t.course,
13. case when t.score <60 then '00-60'
14. when t.score >=60 and t.score <80 then '60-80'
15. when t.score >=80 then '80-100' end
16. order by t.course ) t2
17. group by t2.SCORE_GP
18. order by t2.SCORE_GP

[sql] view plain copy print ?

1. select t2.SCORE_GP,
2. sum(decode(t2.course, '语文', COUNTNUM,null)) as CHINESE,
3. sum(decode(t2.course, '数学', COUNTNUM,null)) as MATH,
4. sum(decode(t2.course, '英语', COUNTNUM,null)) as ENGLISH
5. from (
6. select t.course,
7. case when t.score <60 then '00-60'
8. when t.score >=60 and t.score <80 then '60-80'
9. when t.score >=80 then '80-100' end as SCORE_GP,
10. count(t.score) as COUNTNUM
11. FROM test_tb_grade t
12. group by t.course,
13. case when t.score <60 then '00-60'
14. when t.score >=60 and t.score <80 then '60-80'
15. when t.score >=80 then '80-100' end
16. order by t.course ) t2
17. group by t2.SCORE_GP
18. order by t2.SCORE_GP

select t2.SCORE_GP, sum(decode(t2.course, '语文', COUNTNUM,null)) as CHINESE, sum(decode(t2.course, '数学', COUNTNUM,null)) as MATH, sum(decode(t2.course, '英语', COUNTNUM,null)) as ENGLISH from ( select t.course, case when t.score <60 then '00-60' when t.score >=60 and t.score <80 then '60-80' when t.score >=80 then '80-100' end as SCORE_GP, count(t.score) as COUNTNUM FROM test_tb_grade t group by t.course, case when t.score <60 then '00-60' when t.score >=60 and t.score <80 then '60-80' when t.score >=80 then '80-100' end order by t.course ) t2 group by t2.SCORE_GP order by t2.SCORE_GP

[二]、列转行

1.1、初始测试数据

表结构：TEST_TB_GRADE2

Sql代码

1. create table TEST_TB_GRADE2
2. (
3. ID NUMBER(10) not null,
4. USER_NAME VARCHAR2(20 CHAR),
5. CN_SCORE FLOAT,
6. MATH_SCORE FLOAT,
7. EN_SCORE FLOAT
8. )

[sql] view plain copy print ?

1. create table TEST_TB_GRADE2
2. (
3. ID NUMBER(10) not null,
4. USER_NAME VARCHAR2(20 CHAR),
5. CN_SCORE FLOAT,
6. MATH_SCORE FLOAT,
7. EN_SCORE FLOAT
8. )

create table TEST_TB_GRADE2 ( ID NUMBER(10) not null, USER_NAME VARCHAR2(20 CHAR), CN_SCORE FLOAT, MATH_SCORE FLOAT, EN_SCORE FLOAT )

初始数据如下图：

1.2、 如果需要实现如下的查询效果图：

这就是最常见的列转行，主要原理是利用SQL里面的union，具体的sql语句如下：

Sql代码

1. select user_name, '语文' COURSE , CN_SCORE as SCORE from test_tb_grade2
2. union select user_name, '数学' COURSE, MATH_SCORE as SCORE from test_tb_grade2
3. union select user_name, '英语' COURSE, EN_SCORE as SCORE from test_tb_grade2
4. order by user_name,COURSE

[sql] view plain copy print ?

1. select user_name, '语文' COURSE , CN_SCORE as SCORE from test_tb_grade2
2. union select user_name, '数学' COURSE, MATH_SCORE as SCORE from test_tb_grade2
3. union select user_name, '英语' COURSE, EN_SCORE as SCORE from test_tb_grade2
4. order by user_name,COURSE

select user_name, '语文' COURSE , CN_SCORE as SCORE from test_tb_grade2 union select user_name, '数学' COURSE, MATH_SCORE as SCORE from test_tb_grade2 union select user_name, '英语' COURSE, EN_SCORE as SCORE from test_tb_grade2 order by user_name,COURSE

也可以利用【 insert all into ... select 】来实现，首先需要先建一个表TEST_TB_GRADE3：

Sql代码

1. create table TEST_TB_GRADE3
2. (
3. USER_NAME VARCHAR2(20 CHAR),
4. COURSE VARCHAR2(20 CHAR),
5. SCORE FLOAT
6. )

[sql] view plain copy print ?

1. create table TEST_TB_GRADE3
2. (
3. USER_NAME VARCHAR2(20 CHAR),
4. COURSE VARCHAR2(20 CHAR),
5. SCORE FLOAT
6. )

create table TEST_TB_GRADE3 ( USER_NAME VARCHAR2(20 CHAR), COURSE VARCHAR2(20 CHAR), SCORE FLOAT )

再执行下面的sql：

Sql代码

1. insert all
2. into test_tb_grade3(USER_NAME,COURSE,SCORE) values(user_name, '语文', CN_SCORE)
3. into test_tb_grade3(USER_NAME,COURSE,SCORE) values(user_name, '数学', MATH_SCORE)
4. into test_tb_grade3(USER_NAME,COURSE,SCORE) values(user_name, '英语', EN_SCORE)
5. select user_name, CN_SCORE, MATH_SCORE, EN_SCORE from test_tb_grade2;
6. commit;

[sql] view plain copy print ?

1. insert all
2. into test_tb_grade3(USER_NAME,COURSE,SCORE) values(user_name, '语文', CN_SCORE)
3. into test_tb_grade3(USER_NAME,COURSE,SCORE) values(user_name, '数学', MATH_SCORE)
4. into test_tb_grade3(USER_NAME,COURSE,SCORE) values(user_name, '英语', EN_SCORE)
5. select user_name, CN_SCORE, MATH_SCORE, EN_SCORE from test_tb_grade2;
6. commit;

insert all into test_tb_grade3(USER_NAME,COURSE,SCORE) values(user_name, '语文', CN_SCORE) into test_tb_grade3(USER_NAME,COURSE,SCORE) values(user_name, '数学', MATH_SCORE) into test_tb_grade3(USER_NAME,COURSE,SCORE) values(user_name, '英语', EN_SCORE) select user_name, CN_SCORE, MATH_SCORE, EN_SCORE from test_tb_grade2; commit;

别忘记commit操作，然后再查询TEST_TB_GRADE3，发现表中的数据就是列转成行了。