Java 中有 goto 吗?

最新推荐文章于 2023-08-17 18:03:14 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-08-17 18:03:14 发布

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文章标签： java 开发语言

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/tuhooo/article/details/133025475

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goto 是 Java 中的关键字, 但还处于保留状态, 在实际的开发中并不能使用. 本文列举了 Java 中的关键字以及引入时间, 同时讨论了和 goto 效果类似的 break label 的语法以及使用的 demo. 最后从将 demo 进行了反编译并逐条分析了 Java 字节码的执行, 得出的结论是 break label 底层比较简单就是一行 goto xx 的字节码指令. 在分析字节码的过程中重温了一下 Java 基于栈实现的执行引擎运行.

原文地址:Java 中有 goto 吗?

欢迎访问我的博客: http://blog.duhbb.com/

Java 关键字

下表中列举了 Java 中的关键字, 这些关键字都不可以作为标识符. const 和 go 是保留关键字, 虽然没有正式使用, 但是你也不能把它们作为标识符. true, false 和 null 虽然看上去像关键字, 但是它们实际上是 literals, 它们也不能作为标识符使用.


abstract	continue	for	new	switch
assert***	default	goto*	package	synchronized
boolean	do	if	private	this
break	double	implements	protected	throw
byte	else	import	public	throws
case	enum****	instanceof	return	transient
catch	extends	int	short	try
char	final	interface	static	void
class	finally	long	strictfp**	volatile
const*	float	native	super	while

备注:

*: 未使用
**: 1.2 中引入
***:1.4 中引入
****:5.0 中引入

以上来自:Java Language Keywords

可见 Java 中确实有 goto, 但是是保留的关键字, 并不能实际使用.So, 我们不能 goto anywhere.

break label 用法

虽然 Java 中没有 C 语言中 goto 的那种用法, 但是有一个"类似"的.

语法

语法格式: break label, label 你可以自己定义, 只要不冲突就行.

break 语句可以终止带标签的语句的执行; 它并不会将控制流转移到标签上, 而是将控制流立即转移到了带标签语句的下一条语句中.

例子

first:
  for( int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
    second:
      for(int j = 0; j < 5; j ++ ) {
        break xxx;
      }
  }

third:
  for( int a = 0; a < 10; a++) {

  }

xxx 只能是 first 或者 second, 而不能是 third, 也就是只能 break 包裹 break 的语句; break third 会报编译错误.
break first 会跳出最外层的 for 循环, 而 break second 则会跳出内层的 for 循环, 外层的 for 循环继续.

查看字节码

源代码:Main.java

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        first:
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            second:
            for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
                System.out.println("i = " + i + ", j = " + j);
                break first;
            }
        }

        third:
        for (int a = 0; a < 10; a++) {
            System.out.println(a);
        }
    }
}

javap -v Main.class 反编译后的字节:

duhbb@debian:/mnt/data/IdeaProjects/test/target/classes$ javap -v Main.class 
Classfile /mnt/data/IdeaProjects/test/target/classes/Main.class
  Last modified 2022-6-8; size 913 bytes
  MD5 checksum f56881b622c0cfceb531278564352491
  Compiled from "Main.java"
public class Main
  minor version: 0
  major version: 52
  flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_SUPER
Constant pool:
   #1 = Methodref          #13.#32        // java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
   #2 = Fieldref           #33.#34        // java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
   #3 = Class              #35            // java/lang/StringBuilder
   #4 = Methodref          #3.#32         // java/lang/StringBuilder."<init>":()V
   #5 = String             #36            // i =
   #6 = Methodref          #3.#37         // java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
   #7 = Methodref          #3.#38         // java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(I)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
   #8 = String             #39            // , j =
   #9 = Methodref          #3.#40         // java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;
  #10 = Methodref          #41.#42        // java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
  #11 = Methodref          #41.#43        // java/io/PrintStream.println:(I)V
  #12 = Class              #44            // Main
  #13 = Class              #45            // java/lang/Object
  #14 = Utf8               <init>
  #15 = Utf8               ()V
  #16 = Utf8               Code
  #17 = Utf8               LineNumberTable
  #18 = Utf8               LocalVariableTable
  #19 = Utf8               this
  #20 = Utf8               LMain;
  #21 = Utf8               main
  #22 = Utf8               ([Ljava/lang/String;)V
  #23 = Utf8               j
  #24 = Utf8               I
  #25 = Utf8               i
  #26 = Utf8               a
  #27 = Utf8               args
  #28 = Utf8               [Ljava/lang/String;
  #29 = Utf8               StackMapTable
  #30 = Utf8               SourceFile
  #31 = Utf8               Main.java
  #32 = NameAndType        #14:#15        // "<init>":()V
  #33 = Class              #46            // java/lang/System
  #34 = NameAndType        #47:#48        // out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
  #35 = Utf8               java/lang/StringBuilder
  #36 = Utf8               i =
  #37 = NameAndType        #49:#50        // append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
  #38 = NameAndType        #49:#51        // append:(I)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
  #39 = Utf8               , j =
  #40 = NameAndType        #52:#53        // toString:()Ljava/lang/String;
  #41 = Class              #54            // java/io/PrintStream
  #42 = NameAndType        #55:#56        // println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
  #43 = NameAndType        #55:#57        // println:(I)V
  #44 = Utf8               Main
  #45 = Utf8               java/lang/Object
  #46 = Utf8               java/lang/System
  #47 = Utf8               out
  #48 = Utf8               Ljava/io/PrintStream;
  #49 = Utf8               append
  #50 = Utf8               (Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
  #51 = Utf8               (I)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
  #52 = Utf8               toString
  #53 = Utf8               ()Ljava/lang/String;
  #54 = Utf8               java/io/PrintStream
  #55 = Utf8               println
  #56 = Utf8               (Ljava/lang/String;)V
  #57 = Utf8               (I)V
{
  public Main();
    descriptor: ()V
    flags: ACC_PUBLIC
    Code:
      stack=1, locals=1, args_size=1
         0: aload_0
         1: invokespecial #1                  // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
         4: return
      LineNumberTable:
        line 5: 0
      LocalVariableTable:
        Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature
            0       5     0  this   LMain;

  public static void main(java.lang.String[]);
    descriptor: ([Ljava/lang/String;)V
    flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_STATIC
    Code:
      stack=3, locals=3, args_size=1
         0: iconst_0                          // 将常数 0 压入操作数栈
         1: istore_1                          // 将操作数出栈, 并给到本地变量表的第 1 位置的变量, 也就是 i
         2: iload_1                           // 就是变量表中第 1 个位置的 i 压栈到操作数栈顶
         3: bipush        10                  // 把常量 10 压入到操作数栈中
         5: if_icmpge     58                  // 进行比较, 如果为 false 则跳到 58 行 (我猜的)
         8: iconst_0                          // 将常数 0 压入操作数栈
         9: istore_2                          // 将其弹给并给到本地变量表的第 1 位置的变量, 也就是 j
        10: iload_2                           // 就是变量表中第 2 个位置的 i 压栈到操作数栈顶
        11: iconst_5                          // 把常量 5 压入到操作数栈中
        12: if_icmpge     52                  // 进行一通比较, 如果为 false 则跳到 52 行执行
        15: getstatic     #2                  // 获取类的静态字段 Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
        18: new           #3                  // 创建一个对象, 对象是通过字节索引在常量池中定位的 class java/lang/StringBuilder
        21: dup                               // 复制在栈顶的值
        22: invokespecial #4                  // 调用 StringBuilder 的方法进行初始化 Method java/lang/StringBuilder."<init>":()V
        25: ldc           #5                  // 字符串入栈 String i =
        27: invokevirtual #6                  // 调用 StringBuilder 的 append 方法 Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
        30: iload_1                           // 就是变量表中第 1 个位置的 i 压栈到操作数栈顶 这里就是 i 了, 因为准备把 i 拼接到后面去
        31: invokevirtual #7                  // 调用 StringBuilder 的 append Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(I)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
        34: ldc           #8                  // 字符串入栈 String , j =
        36: invokevirtual #6                  // 调用 StringBuilder 的 append 方法 Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
        39: iload_2                           // 就是变量表中第 2 个位置的 j 压栈到操作数栈顶 这里就是 j 了, 因为准备把 j 拼接到后面去
        40: invokevirtual #7                  // 调用 StringBuilder 的 append 方法 Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(I)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
        43: invokevirtual #9                  // 调用 StringBuilder 的 toString 方法 Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;
        46: invokevirtual #10                 // 调用 PrintStream 的 println 方法 Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
        49: goto          58                  // break first 毫无征兆的跳到了 58 行
        52: iinc          1, 1
        55: goto          2
        58: iconst_0                         // 开始了 third 部分的循环
        59: istore_1
        60: iload_1
        61: bipush        10
        63: if_icmpge     79
        66: getstatic     #2                  // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
        69: iload_1
        70: invokevirtual #11                 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(I)V
        73: iinc          1, 1
        76: goto          60
        79: return
      LineNumberTable:
        line 8: 0
        line 10: 8
        line 11: 15
        line 12: 49
        line 8: 52
        line 17: 58
        line 18: 66
        line 17: 73
        line 20: 79
      LocalVariableTable:
        Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature
           10      42     2     j   I
            2      56     1     i   I
           60      19     1     a   I
            0      80     0  args   [Ljava/lang/String;
      StackMapTable: number_of_entries = 6
        frame_type = 252 /* append */
          offset_delta = 2
          locals = [ int ]
        frame_type = 252 /* append */
          offset_delta = 7
          locals = [ int ]
        frame_type = 250 /* chop */
          offset_delta = 41
        frame_type = 250 /* chop */
          offset_delta = 5
        frame_type = 252 /* append */
          offset_delta = 1
          locals = [ int ]
        frame_type = 250 /* chop */
          offset_delta = 18
}
SourceFile: "Main.java"

常量入栈指令有 iconst, bipush, sipush, ldc, ldc2_w 分别对应不同的使用场景, 以下两个表简单总结了使用场景:

八大基本类型场景表
指令场景表

上面的两张图片来自于: Java 逆向基础之常量入栈指令

为啥要这么麻烦, 搞出这么多不通的入栈指令呢? 连 -1~5 这样的都要搞出来?

bipush 8 就是把 8 压到操作数栈中.
istore_1 就是操作数栈出栈, 存到本地变量表的第 1 位置;
iload_1, 就是变量表中第一个位置的 i 压栈到操作数栈顶
iinc 1 by 1, 就是变量表中第一个位置的
istore_1, 又把栈顶的 8 存回了变量表中的 i
dup 关于 dup 指令的作用, 在《深入理解 Java 虚拟机》这本书中是这么描述的. 这是一个操作数栈管理指令, 负责复制栈顶 (注意, 这个栈指的是操作数栈) 一个或者两个数值并将复制值或双份的复制值重新压人栈顶.
简单理解就是给操作数栈栈顶的元素弄了一个备份.
那么为什么要进行备份呢?
一开始是 new 指令在堆上分配了内存并向操作数栈压入了指向这段内存的引用, 之后 dup 指令又备份了一份, 那么操作数栈顶就有两个, 再后是调用 invokespecial #18 指令进行初始化, 此时会消耗一个引用作为传给构造器的 this 参数, 那么还剩下一个引用, 会被 astore_1 指令存储到局部变量表中.dup 来自: Java 字节码 new 之后为什么会有 dup
invokespecial 的参数哪儿来的?
ldc: 则是从常量池中将常量

Java 字节吗概述

Java 虚拟机采用基于栈的架构, 其指令由操作码和操作数组成.

操作码: 一个字节长度 (0~255), 意味着指令集的操作码个数不能操作 256 条.
操作数: 一条指令可以有零或者多个操作数, 且操作数可以是 1 个或者多个字节. 编译后的代码没有采用操作数长度对齐方式, 比如 16 位无符号整数需使用两个字节储存 (假设为 byte1 和 byte2), 那么真实值是 (byte1 << 8) | byte2.
放弃操作数对齐操作数对齐方案:

优势: 可以省略很多填充和间隔符号, 从而减少数据量, 具有更高的传输效率;Java 起初就是为了面向网络, 智能家具而设计的, 故更加注重传输效率.
劣势: 运行时从字节码里构建出具体数据结构, 需要花费部分 CPU 时间, 从而导致解释执行字节码会损失部分性能.

指令介绍

大多数指令包含了其操作所对应的数据类型信息, 比如 iload, 表示从局部变量表中加载 int 型的数据到操作数栈;而 fload 表示加载 float 型数据到操作数栈. 由于操作码长度只有 1Byte, 因此 Java 虚拟机的指令集对于特定操作只提供有限的类型相关指令, 并非为每一种数据类型都有相应的操作指令. 必要时, 有些指令可用于将不支持的类型转换为可被支持的类型.

对于 byte,short,char,boolean 类型, 往往没有单独的操作码, 通过编译器在编译期或者运行期将其扩展. 对于 byte,short 采用带符号扩展,chart,boolean 采用零位扩展. 相应的数组也是采用类似的扩展方式转换为 int 类型的字节码来处理. 下面分门别类来介绍 Java 虚拟机指令, 都以 int 类型的数据操作为例.

栈是指操作数栈.

这两个部分来自:Jvm 系列 3—字节码指令

字节码指令介绍:

指令	含义
aaload	load onto the stack a reference from an array
aastore	store a reference in an array
aconst_null	push a null reference onto the stack
aload	load a reference onto the stack from a local variable #index
aload_0	load a reference onto the stack from local variable 0
aload_1	load a reference onto the stack from local variable 1
aload_2	load a reference onto the stack from local variable 2
aload_3	load a reference onto the stack from local variable 3
anewarray	create a new array of references of length count and component type identified by the class reference index (indexbyte1 << 8 \| indexbyte2) in the constant pool
areturn	return a reference from a method
arraylength	get the length of an array
astore	store a reference into a local variable #index
astore_0	store a reference into local variable 0
astore_1	store a reference into local variable 1
astore_2	store a reference into local variable 2
astore_3	store a reference into local variable 3
athrow	throws an error or exception (notice that the rest of the stack is cleared, leaving only a reference to the Throwable)
baload	load a byte or Boolean value from an array
bastore	store a byte or Boolean value into an array
bipush	push a byte onto the stack as an integer value
breakpoint	reserved for breakpoints in Java debuggers; should not appear in any class file
caload	load a char from an array
castore	store a char into an array
checkcast	checks whether an objectref is of a certain type, the class reference of which is in the constant pool at index (indexbyte1 << 8 \| indexbyte2)
d2f	convert a double to a float
d2i	convert a double to an int
d2l	convert a double to a long
dadd	add two doubles
daload	load a double from an array
dastore	store a double into an array
dcmpg	compare two doubles, 1 on NaN
dcmpl	compare two doubles, -1 on NaN
dconst_0	push the constant 0.0 (a double) onto the stack
dconst_1	push the constant 1.0 (a double) onto the stack
ddiv	divide two doubles
dload	load a double value from a local variable #index
dload_0	load a double from local variable 0
dload_1	load a double from local variable 1
dload_2	load a double from local variable 2
dload_3	load a double from local variable 3
dmul	multiply two doubles
dneg	negate a double
drem	get the remainder from a division between two doubles
dreturn	return a double from a method
dstore	store a double value into a local variable #index
dstore_0	store a double into local variable 0
dstore_1	store a double into local variable 1
dstore_2	store a double into local variable 2
dstore_3	store a double into local variable 3
dsub	subtract a double from another
dup	duplicate the value on top of the stack
dup_x1	insert a copy of the top value into the stack two values from the top. value1 and value2 must not be of the type double or long.
dup_x2	insert a copy of the top value into the stack two (if value2 is double or long it takes up the entry of value3, too) or three values (if value2 is neither double nor long) from the top
dup2	duplicate top two stack words (two values, if value1 is not double nor long; a single value, if value1 is double or long)
dup2_x1	duplicate two words and insert beneath third word (see explanation above)
dup2_x2	duplicate two words and insert beneath fourth word
f2d	convert a float to a double
f2i	convert a float to an int
f2l	convert a float to a long
fadd	add two floats
faload	load a float from an array
fastore	store a float in an array
fcmpg	compare two floats, 1 on NaN
fcmpl	compare two floats, -1 on NaN
fconst_0	push 0.0f on the stack
fconst_1	push 1.0f on the stack
fconst_2	push 2.0f on the stack
fdiv	divide two floats
fload	load a float value from a local variable #index
fload_0	load a float value from local variable 0
fload_1	load a float value from local variable 1
fload_2	load a float value from local variable 2
fload_3	load a float value from local variable 3
fmul	multiply two floats
fneg	negate a float
frem	get the remainder from a division between two floats
freturn	return a float
fstore	store a float value into a local variable #index
fstore_0	store a float value into local variable 0
fstore_1	store a float value into local variable 1
fstore_2	store a float value into local variable 2
fstore_3	store a float value into local variable 3
fsub	subtract two floats
getfield	get a field value of an object objectref, where the field is identified by field reference in the constant pool index (indexbyte1 << 8 \| indexbyte2)
getstatic	get a static field value of a class, where the field is identified by field reference in the constant pool index (indexbyte1 << 8 \| indexbyte2)
goto	goes to another instruction at branchoffset (signed short constructed from unsigned bytes branchbyte1 << 8 \| branchbyte2)
goto_w	goes to another instruction at branchoffset (signed int constructed from unsigned bytes branchbyte1 << 24 \| branchbyte2 << 16 \| branchbyte3 << 8 \| branchbyte4)
i2b	convert an int into a byte
i2c	convert an int into a character
i2d	convert an int into a double
i2f	convert an int into a float
i2l	convert an int into a long
i2s	convert an int into a short
iadd	add two ints
iaload	load an int from an array
iand	perform a bitwise AND on two integers
iastore	store an int into an array
iconst_m1	load the int value −1 onto the stack
iconst_0	load the int value 0 onto the stack
iconst_1	load the int value 1 onto the stack
iconst_2	load the int value 2 onto the stack
iconst_3	load the int value 3 onto the stack
iconst_4	load the int value 4 onto the stack
iconst_5	load the int value 5 onto the stack
idiv	divide two integers
if_acmpeq	if references are equal, branch to instruction at branchoffset (signed short constructed from unsigned bytes branchbyte1 << 8 \| branchbyte2)
if_acmpne	if references are not equal, branch to instruction at branchoffset (signed short constructed from unsigned bytes branchbyte1 << 8 \| branchbyte2)
if_icmpeq	if ints are equal, branch to instruction at branchoffset (signed short constructed from unsigned bytes branchbyte1 << 8 \| branchbyte2)
if_icmpge	if value1 is greater than or equal to value2, branch to instruction at branchoffset (signed short constructed from unsigned bytes branchbyte1 << 8 \| branchbyte2)
if_icmpgt	if value1 is greater than value2, branch to instruction at branchoffset (signed short constructed from unsigned bytes branchbyte1 << 8 \| branchbyte2)
if_icmple	if value1 is less than or equal to value2, branch to instruction at branchoffset (signed short constructed from unsigned bytes branchbyte1 << 8 \| branchbyte2)
if_icmplt	if value1 is less than value2, branch to instruction at branchoffset (signed short constructed from unsigned bytes branchbyte1 << 8 \| branchbyte2)
if_icmpne	if ints are not equal, branch to instruction at branchoffset (signed short constructed from unsigned bytes branchbyte1 << 8 \| branchbyte2)
ifeq	if value is 0, branch to instruction at branchoffset (signed short constructed from unsigned bytes branchbyte1 << 8 \| branchbyte2)
ifge	if value is greater than or equal to 0, branch to instruction at branchoffset (signed short constructed from unsigned bytes branchbyte1 << 8 \| branchbyte2)
ifgt	if value is greater than 0, branch to instruction at branchoffset (signed short constructed from unsigned bytes branchbyte1 << 8 \| branchbyte2)
ifle	if value is less than or equal to 0, branch to instruction at branchoffset (signed short constructed from unsigned bytes branchbyte1 << 8 \| branchbyte2)
iflt	if value is less than 0, branch to instruction at branchoffset (signed short constructed from unsigned bytes branchbyte1 << 8 \| branchbyte2)
ifne	if value is not 0, branch to instruction at branchoffset (signed short constructed from unsigned bytes branchbyte1 << 8 \| branchbyte2)
ifnonnull	if value is not null, branch to instruction at branchoffset (signed short constructed from unsigned bytes branchbyte1 << 8 \| branchbyte2)
ifnull	if value is null, branch to instruction at branchoffset (signed short constructed from unsigned bytes branchbyte1 << 8 \| branchbyte2)
iinc	increment local variable #index by signed byte const
iload	load an int value from a local variable #index
iload_0	load an int value from local variable 0
iload_1	load an int value from local variable 1
iload_2	load an int value from local variable 2
iload_3	load an int value from local variable 3
impdep1	reserved for implementation-dependent operations within debuggers; should not appear in any class file
impdep2	reserved for implementation-dependent operations within debuggers; should not appear in any class file
imul	multiply two integers
ineg	negate int
instanceof	determines if an object objectref is of a given type, identified by class reference index in constant pool (indexbyte1 << 8 \| indexbyte2)
invokedynamic	invokes a dynamic method and puts the result on the stack (might be void); the method is identified by method reference index in constant pool (indexbyte1 << 8 \| indexbyte2)
invokeinterface	invokes an interface method on object objectref and puts the result on the stack (might be void); the interface method is identified by method reference index in constant pool (indexbyte1 << 8 \| indexbyte2)
invokespecial	invoke instance method on object objectref and puts the result on the stack (might be void); the method is identified by method reference index in constant pool (indexbyte1 << 8 \| indexbyte2)
invokestatic	invoke a static method and puts the result on the stack (might be void); the method is identified by method reference index in constant pool (indexbyte1 << 8 \| indexbyte2)
invokevirtual	invoke virtual method on object objectref and puts the result on the stack (might be void); the method is identified by method reference index in constant pool (indexbyte1 << 8 \| indexbyte2)
ior	bitwise int OR
irem	logical int remainder
ireturn	return an integer from a method
ishl	int shift left
ishr	int arithmetic shift right
istore	store int value into variable #index
istore_0	store int value into variable 0
istore_1	store int value into variable 1
istore_2	store int value into variable 2
istore_3	store int value into variable 3
isub	int subtract
iushr	int logical shift right
ixor	int xor
jsr†	jump to subroutine at branchoffset (signed short constructed from unsigned bytes branchbyte1 << 8 \| branchbyte2) and place the return address on the stack
jsr_w†	jump to subroutine at branchoffset (signed int constructed from unsigned bytes branchbyte1 << 24 \| branchbyte2 << 16 \| branchbyte3 << 8 \| branchbyte4) and place the return address on the stack
l2d	convert a long to a double
l2f	convert a long to a float
l2i	convert a long to a int
ladd	add two longs
laload	load a long from an array
land	bitwise AND of two longs
lastore	store a long to an array
lcmp	push 0 if the two longs are the same, 1 if value1 is greater than value2, -1 otherwise
lconst_0	push 0L (the number zero with type long) onto the stack
lconst_1	push 1L (the number one with type long) onto the stack
ldc	push a constant #index from a constant pool (String, int, float, Class, java.lang.invoke.MethodType, java.lang.invoke.MethodHandle, or a dynamically-computed constant) onto the stack
ldc_w	push a constant #index from a constant pool (String, int, float, Class, java.lang.invoke.MethodType, java.lang.invoke.MethodHandle, or a dynamically-computed constant) onto the stack (wide index is constructed as indexbyte1 << 8 \| indexbyte2)
ldc2_w	push a constant #index from a constant pool (double, long, or a dynamically-computed constant) onto the stack (wide index is constructed as indexbyte1 << 8 \| indexbyte2)
ldiv	divide two longs
lload	load a long value from a local variable #index
lload_0	load a long value from a local variable 0
lload_1	load a long value from a local variable 1
lload_2	load a long value from a local variable 2
lload_3	load a long value from a local variable 3
lmul	multiply two longs
lneg	negate a long
lookupswitch	a target address is looked up from a table using a key and execution continues from the instruction at that address
lor	bitwise OR of two longs
lrem	remainder of division of two longs
lreturn	return a long value
lshl	bitwise shift left of a long value1 by int value2 positions
lshr	bitwise shift right of a long value1 by int value2 positions
lstore	store a long value in a local variable #index
lstore_0	store a long value in a local variable 0
lstore_1	store a long value in a local variable 1
lstore_2	store a long value in a local variable 2
lstore_3	store a long value in a local variable 3
lsub	subtract two longs
lushr	bitwise shift right of a long value1 by int value2 positions, unsigned
lxor	bitwise XOR of two longs
monitorenter	enter monitor for object ("grab the lock" – start of synchronized() section)
monitorexit	exit monitor for object ("release the lock" – end of synchronized() section)
multianewarray	create a new array of dimensions dimensions of type identified by class reference in constant pool index (indexbyte1 << 8 \| indexbyte2); the sizes of each dimension is identified by count1, [count2, etc.]
new	create new object of type identified by class reference in constant pool index (indexbyte1 << 8 \| indexbyte2)
newarray	create new array with count elements of primitive type identified by atype
nop	perform no operation
pop	discard the top value on the stack
pop2	discard the top two values on the stack (or one value, if it is a double or long)
putfield	set field to value in an object objectref, where the field is identified by a field reference index in constant pool (indexbyte1 << 8 \| indexbyte2)
putstatic	set static field to value in a class, where the field is identified by a field reference index in constant pool (indexbyte1 << 8 \| indexbyte2)
ret†	continue execution from address taken from a local variable #index (the asymmetry with jsr is intentional)
return	return void from method
saload	load short from array
sastore	store short to array
sipush	push a short onto the stack as an integer value
swap	swaps two top words on the stack (note that value1 and value2 must not be double or long)
tableswitch	continue execution from an address in the table at offset index
wide	execute opcode, where opcode is either iload, fload, aload, lload, dload, istore, fstore, astore, lstore, dstore, or ret, but assume the index is 16 bit; or execute iinc, where the index is 16 bits and the constant to increment by is a signed 16 bit short
(no name)	these values are currently unassigned for opcodes and are reserved for future use

这个是我从 List of Java bytecode instructions 这里扣下来的.

待完成

字节码指令翻译.

原文地址:Java 中有 goto 吗?

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Java 中有 goto 吗?

goto 是 Java 中的关键字, 但还处于保留状态, 在实际的开发中并不能使用. 本文列举了 Java 中的关键字以及引入时间, 同时讨论了和 goto 效果类似的 break label 的语法以及使用的 demo. 最后从将 demo 进行了反编译并逐条分析了 Java 字节码的执行, 得出的结论是 break label 底层比较简单就是一行 goto xx 的字节码指令. 在分析字节...
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