用MyEclipse新建一个Web项目,在MyEclipse菜单中导入框架如下图:
添加框架支持以后如下图:
Struts1.x的核心重点是:2个配置文件,3个类
1,两个配置文件:web.xml,struts-config.xml
2,ActionForm,Action编写,ActionServlet的配置
3,ActionServlet在web.xml中配置,并且框架会自动实例化ActionServlet,不需要编写ActionServlet类
在web.xml中配置ActionServlet:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" version="3.0" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd">
<display-name />
<servlet>
<!--利用ActionServlet类,框架会自动实例化ActionServlet,对象名为action-->
<servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- ActionServlet读取配置文件的路径 -->
<init-param>
<param-name>config</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>debug</param-name>
<param-value>3</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>detail</param-name>
<param-value>3</param-value>
</init-param>
<!-- 表示应用启动, ActionServlet就载入实例化-->
<load-on-startup>0</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!--访问名为action的Servlet,也就是 org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet,要添加的扩展名是“.do”,ActionServlet的映射路径-->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
编写JSP:
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<body>
<!-- 按此地址提交给ActionServlet时, ActionServlet将地址的项目名称和扩展名.do去掉,
变为/login,读取配置文件,找到要提交的Action对象-->
<form action="/StrutsTest/login.do" method="post">
请输入账号:<input name="account" type="text" ><br>
请输入密码:<input name="password" type="password" >
<input type="submit" value="登录">
</form>
</body>
</html>
图示:
编写配置ActionForm:
ActionServlet将表单信息封装在ActionForm中,转交给Action.需要编写ActionForm来容纳表单里的数据。
1,必须继承ActionForm接口
2,ActionForm内必须编写和表单元素同名的属性
package com.strutstest;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
public class LoginForm extends ActionForm{
private String account;
private String password;
public String getAccount() {
return account;
}
public void setAccount(String account) {
this.account = account;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
}
编写配置Action
Strust框架中,将ActionForm转交给Action来处理,Action负责业务逻辑处理
1,必须继承Action接口
2,必须重写execute方法,重写execute方法,是因为Action接受数据后由ActionServlet自动调用它的execute方法,这个方法的运行通过反射机制进行。
package com.strutstest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
public class LoginAction extends Action{
//mapping的作用是访问配置文件,ActionForward封装跳转的目标路径
public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response)throws Exception{
LoginForm loginform=(LoginForm)form;
String account=loginform.getAccount();
String password=loginform.getPassword();
String url=null;
if(account.equals(password)){
return new ActionForward("/Success.jsp");
}
return new ActionForward("/Fail.jsp");
}
}
struts-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.2//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-config_1_2.dtd">
<struts-config>
<data-sources />
<!--编写完了Form要在此配置文件中注册, 注册ActionForm -->
<form-beans >
<form-bean name="LoginForm" type="com.strutstest.LoginForm"></form-bean>
</form-beans>
<global-exceptions />
<global-forwards />
<!-- 注册Action ,ActionServlet根据此path找到要提交的Action,此元素name属性要和<form-beans>的name对应-->
<action-mappings >
<action path="/login" name="LoginForm" type="com.strutstest.LoginAction"></action>
</action-mappings>
<message-resources parameter="com.strutstest.ApplicationResources" />
</struts-config>
loginSucess.jsp和loginFail.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<body>
登录成功!
</body>
</html>
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<body>
登录失败!
</body>
</html>
程序的运行流程:
1,login.jsp中的表单提交到地址为"/StrutsTest/login.do",提交给ActionServlet,ActionServlet把提交的地址的项目路径和扩展名.do去掉,变为"/login",读取配置文件
2,在配置文件中,根据/login,找到配置文件中action对应的类,从而得到提交的LoginAction,通过LoginAction的name属性找到LoginForm,找到对应的LoginForm类
3,将表单封装在一个Login对象中,提交给LoginAction
4,ActionServlet调用Action的execute方法,处理后返回一个ActionForward对象给ActionServlet
5,ActionServlet跳转到相应页面。