yum与apt命令比较，yum安装出现No package vim available解决办法

yum (Yellowdog Updater Modified)是一个集与查找，安装，更新和删除程序的Linux软件。它运行在RPM包兼容的Linux发行版本上，如：RedHat, Fedora, SUSE, CentOS, Mandriva。

今天我在用CentOS 5.5的yum命令安装的时候出现如下错误：

[root@malu2 ~]# yum install vim
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirror.hosting90.cz
* extras: mirror.hosting90.cz
* updates: mirror.hosting90.cz
Setting up Install Process
No package vim available.
Nothing to do

 

对于此错误，我一般习惯性先去更新一下yum仓库：

#yum -y update


再次运行安装，发现错误依旧，看来这种猜包名的方法不适用；所以接下来可以通过yum的查找参数来列出vim相关的包名:

[root@malu2 yum.repos.d]# yum search vim
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirror.hosting90.cz
* extras: mirror.hosting90.cz
* updates: mirror.hosting90.cz
===================== Matched: vim ===================
vim-X11.x86_64 : The VIM version of the vi editor for the X Window System.
vim-common.x86_64 : The common files needed by any version of the VIM editor.
vim-enhanced.x86_64 : A version of the VIM editor which includes recent
: enhancements.
vim-minimal.x86_64 : A minimal version of the VIM editor.

 

通过查看，我们可以看到，yum列出了详细的vim相关的包名，这样就可以顺利的安装vim了：

#yum -y install vim-enhanced.x86_64


以上命令就能执行成功了。当然不仅仅vim安装，其他程序比如mysql我们也同样只要先进行yum查找，再通过匹配详细包名来进行安装，就不会出现上述错误了

Yum的更新及安装操作

更新及安装：
yum install package 安装指定的安装包package
yum localinstall package 本地安装软件包
yum update 全部更新 
yum update package 更新指定程序包package 
yum check-update 检查可更新的程序

查找和显示
yum info <package> 显示安装包信息 
yum list 显示所有已经安装和可以安装的程序包 
yum list <package> 显示指定程序包安装情况 
yum search <keyword>查找软件包

Yum和Apt-get对比

Task	Red Hat/Fedora	Ubuntu/Debian
Adding, Removing and Upgrading Packages
Refresh list of available packages	Yum refreshes each time it’s used	apt-get update
Install a package from a repository	yum installpackage_name	apt-get installpackage_name
Install a package file	yum installpackage.rpmrpm -ipackage.rpm	dpkg –install package.deb
Remove a package	rpm -e package_name	apt-get removepackage_name
Check for package upgrades	yum check-update	apt-get -s upgradeapt-get -s dist-upgrade
Upgrade packages	yum updaterpm -Uvh [args]	apt-get dist-upgrade
Upgrade the entire system	yum upgrade	apt-get dist-upgrade
Package Information
Get information about an available package	yum searchpackage_name	apt-cache searchpackage_name
Show available packages	yum list available	apt-cache dumpavail
List all installed packages	yum list installedrpm -qa	dpkg –list
Get information about a package	yum info package_name	apt-cache showpackage_name
Get information about an installed package	rpm -qi package_name	dpkg –statuspackage_name
List files in an installed package	rpm -ql package_name	dpkg –listfilespackage_name
List documentation files in an installed package	rpm -qd package_name	-
List configuration files in an installed package	rpm -qc package_name	-
Show the packages a given package depends on	rpm -qR package_name	apt-cache depends
Show other packages that depend on agiven package (reverse dependency)	rpm -q -whatrequires [args]	apt-cache rdepends
Package File Information
Get information about a package file	rpm -qpi package.rpm	dpkg –info package.deb
List files in a package file	rpm -qpl package.rpm	dpkg –contentspackage.deb
List documentation files in a package file	rpm -qpd package.rpm	-
List configuration files in a package file	rpm -qpc package.rpm	-
Extract files in a package	rpm2cpio package.rpm | cpio -vid	dpkg-deb –extractpackage.deb dir-to-extract-to
Find package that installed a file	rpm -qf filename	dpkg –search filename
Find package that provides a particular file	yum provides filename	apt-file search filename
Misc. Packaging System Tools
Show stats about the package cache	-	apt-cache stats
Verify all installed packages	rpm -Va	debsums
Remove packages from the local cache directory	yum clean packages	apt-get clean
Remove only obsolete packages from the local cache directory	-	apt-get autoclean
Remove header files from the local cache directory(forcing a new download of same on next use)	yum clean headers	apt-file purge
General Packaging System Information
Package file extension	.rpm	.deb
Repository location configuration	/etc/yum.conf	/etc/apt/sources.list