Html5学习（主体内容）

最新推荐文章于 2020-11-04 22:11:19 发布

txx3258

最新推荐文章于 2020-11-04 22:11:19 发布

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转载：http://directguo.com/html5/

一、Web技术大致发展阶段

1991 HTML——》1994 HTML 2——》1996 CSS1+javaScript——》1997 HTML 4——》1998 CSS2——》2000 XHTML——》2002 DIV+CSS——》2005 ajavx——》2009 HTML5

二、HTML%~=HTML+CSS+JS APIS

1、JS API

（1）、通过class定位元素：document.getElementsByClassName('section');（

（2）、通过类似css选择器的语法定位元素；document.querySelectorAll("table.test>tr>td");

（3）、本地存储-Web Storage：wondow.localStorage.setItem("Item",value); window.localStrogae.getItem("item);

（4）、本地数据库-Web SQL Database

var db=window.openDatabase("Database Name","Database Version");

db.transaction(function(tx){

tx.executeSql("select * from test",[],successCallback,errorCallback):

});

（5）、文件缓存

<html manifest="cache-manifest"> window.applicationCahe.addEventListener('checking',updateCacheStatus,false);

caxhe manifest cache: /html5/src

（6）、让程序在后台运行——web workers

main.js:
  var worker = new Worker(‘extra_work.js');
  worker.onmessage = function (event) { alert(event.data); }; 
extra_work.js:
  // do some work; when done post message.
  postMessage(some_data);

（7）、双向信息传输 - Web Sockets

var socket = new WebSocket(location);
socket.onopen = function(event) {
  socket.postMessage(“Hello, WebSocket”);
}
socket.onmessage = function(event) { alert(event.data); }
socket.onclose = function(event) { alert(“closed”); }

（8）桌面提醒 - Notifications

if (window.webkitNotifications.checkPermission() == 0) {
  // you can pass any url as a parameter
  window.webkitNotifications.createNotification(tweet.picture, tweet.title, 
      tweet.text).show(); 
} else {
  window.webkitNotifications.requestPermission();
}

（9）拖放操作 - Drag and drop

document.addEventListener('dragstart', function(event) {
   event.dataTransfer.setData('text', 'Customized text');
   event.dataTransfer.effectAllowed = 'copy';
}, false);

（8）地理位置 - Geolocation

if (navigator.geolocation) {
  navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(function(position) {
    var lat = position.coords.latitude;
    var lng = position.coords.longitude;
    map.setCenter(new GLatLng(lat, lng), 13);
    map.addOverlay(new GMarker(new GLatLng(lat, lng)));    
  });
}

二、HTML

1、新的语义标签

body>
  <header>
    <hgroup>
      <h1>Page title</h1>
      <h2>Page subtitle</h2>
    </hgroup>
  </header>

  <nav>
   <ul>
     Navigation...
   </ul>
  </nav>

  <section>
   <article>
     <header>
       <h1>Title</h1>
     </header>
     <section>
       Content...
     </section>
   </article>

   <article>
     <header>
       <h1>Title</h1>
     </header>
     <section>
       Content...
     </section>
   </article>

   <article>
     <header>
       <h1>Title</h1>
     </header>
     <section>
       Content...
     </section>
   </article>
  </section>

  <aside>
   Top links...
  </aside>

  <footer>
   Copyright © 2009.
  </footer>
</body>

（2）、微数据 - Microdata

<div itemscope itemtype="http://example.org/band">
 <p>My name is <span itemprop='name'>Neil</span>.</p>
 <p>My band is called <span itemprop='band'>Four Parts Water</span>.</p>
 <p>I am <span itemprop='nationality'>British</span>.</p>
</div>

（3）无障碍富互联网应用程序属性 - ARIA attributes

<ul id="tree1"
      role="tree" 
      tabindex="0" 
      aria-labelledby="label_1"
      > 
  <li role="treeitem" tabindex="-1" aria-expanded="true">Fruits</li> 
  <li role="group"> 
    <ul> 
      <li role="treeitem" tabindex="-1">Oranges</li> 
      <li role="treeitem" tabindex="-1">Pineapples</li>
      ...
    </ul>
  </li>
  </ul>

（4）表单

UI方面:
              
<input type='range' min='0' max='50' value='0' /> 
<input results='10' type='search' /> 
<input type='text' placeholder='Search inside' /> 

输入检查:(不符合条件的将显示红色背景)

<style> :invalid { background-color: red; } </style>
<input type='color' /> 
<input type='number' /> 
<input type='email' /> 
<input type='tel' />

（5)音频 + 视频 - Audio + Video

<audio src="sound.mp3" controls></audio>
document.getElementById("audio").muted=false;

<video src='movie.mp4' autoplay controls ></video>
document.getElementById("video").play();

(^0图形绘制 - Canvas

<canvas id="canvas" width="838" height="220"></canvas>

<script>
  var canvasContext = document.getElementById("canvas").getContext("2d");
  canvasContext.fillRect(250, 25, 150, 100);
  
  canvasContext.beginPath();
  canvasContext.arc(450, 110, 100, Math.PI * 1/2, Math.PI * 3/2);
  canvasContext.lineWidth = 15;
  canvasContext.lineCap = 'round';
  canvasContext.strokeStyle = 'rgba(255, 127, 0, 0.5)';
  canvasContext.stroke();
</script>

三、CSS

1、奇偶

.row:nth-child(even) {
  background: #dde;
}
.row:nth-child(odd) {
  background: white;
}

反选

:not(.box) {
  color: #00c; 
}            
:not(span) {
  display: block; 
}

2、文本溢出处理

div {
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
}

3、分栏显示

-webkit-column-count: 2;  
-webkit-column-rule: 1px solid #bbb;
-webkit-column-gap: 2em;

4、透明效果

 color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.75);  
 background: rgba(0, 0, 255, 0.75);

5、HSL(色相/饱和度/亮度)色彩模式

color: hsla(
  128,  
  75%,  
  33%,  
  1.00);

6、圆角效果

border-radius: 0px;

7、渐变效果

background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, 
                             from(#00abeb), to(white), 
                             color-stop(0.5, white), color-stop(0.5, #66cc00))

8、阴影效果

text-shadow: 
  rgba(64, 64, 64, 0.5) 
  -3px  
  0px  
  0px;      
box-shadow: 
  rgba(0, 0, 128, 0.25) 
  -9px  
  9px  
  0px;

9、更强大的背景

#logo {
  background: url(logo.gif) center center no-repeat;
  background-size: 
      
     
       
       
       
     ;
}

div {
  background: url(src/zippy-plus.png) 10px center no-repeat, 
              url(src/gray_lines_bg.png) 10px center repeat-x;
}

10、变换

#box {
  -webkit-transition: margin-left 1s ease-in-out;
}  

document.getElementById('box').className = 'left'; 
document.getElementById('box').className = 'right';

-webkit-transform: rotateY(45deg);            
-webkit-transform: scaleX(25deg);            
-webkit-transform: translate3d(0, 0, 90deg);            
-webkit-transform: perspective(500px)

11、动画

@-webkit-keyframes pulse {
 from {
   opacity: 0.0;
   font-size: 100%;
 }
 to {
   opacity: 1.0;
   font-size: 200%;
 }
}

div {
  -webkit-animation-name: pulse;
  -webkit-animation-duration: 2s;
  -webkit-animation-iteration-count: infinite;
  -webkit-animation-timing-function: ease-in-out;
  -webkit-animation-direction: alternate;
}