C/S(Client–server model)编程思想（2）

Client–server model

Specific types of clients include web browsers, email clients, and online chat clients.

Specific types of servers include web servers, ftp servers, application servers, database servers, name servers, mail servers, file servers, print servers, and terminal servers. Most web services are also types of servers.

Comparison to peer-to-peer architecture

In peer-to-peer architectures, each host or instance of the program can simultaneously act as both a client and a server, and each has equivalent responsibilities and status.

Both client–server and peer-to-peer architectures are in wide usage today. Details may be found in Comparison of Centralized (Client-Server) and Decentralized (Peer-to-Peer) Networking

Advantages

1.In most cases, a client–server architecture enables the roles and responsibilities of a computing system to be distributed among several independent computers that are known to each other only through a network. This creates an additional advantage to this architecture: greater ease of maintenance. For example, it is possible to replace, repair, upgrade, or even relocate a server while its clients remain both unaware and unaffected by that change.
2.All data is stored on the servers, which generally have far greater security controls than most clients.[citation needed] Servers can better control access and resources, to guarantee that only those clients with the appropriate permissions may access and change data.
3.Since data storage is centralized, updates to that data are far easier to administer in comparison to a P2P paradigm. In the latter, data updates may need to be distributed and applied to each peer in the network, which is time-consuming as there can be thousands or even millions of peers.
4.Many mature client–server technologies are already available which were designed to ensure security, friendliness of the user interface, and ease of use.[citation needed]
5.It functions with multiple different clients of different capabilities.


Disadvantages

1.As the number of simultaneous client requests to a given server increases, the server can become overloaded. Contrast that to a P2P network, where its aggregated bandwidth actually increases as nodes are added, since the P2P network's overall bandwidth can be roughly computed as the sum of the bandwidths of every node in that network.
2.The client–server paradigm lacks the robustness of a good P2P network.[citation needed] Under client–server, should a critical server fail, clients’ requests cannot be fulfilled. In P2P networks, resources are usually distributed among many nodes. Even if one or more nodes depart and abandon a downloading file, for example, the remaining nodes should still have the data needed to complete the download.