第一次访问页面后,Server可将Cookie信息加入HTTP Header返回给浏览器,浏览器会自动将这些信息保存在本地;
当再次访问相同域名时,浏览器将对应Cookie信息随请求一起发送,Server端可读取这些信息进行处理。
Cookie可设置过期时间,到期后由浏览器自动删除;
当我们要返回页面时,首先输出如下:
- print "Content-type: text/plain\n"
print "Content-type: text/plain\n"
它其实是一个HTTP Header, 连续碰到两个换行表示HTTP Header部分结束,剩余部分将被做为数据处理;
包含了Cookie后输出大致如下:
- print "Content-Type: text/html"
- print "Set-Cookie: session=12345"
- print # 多加一个换行表示HTTP Header部分结束
print "Content-Type: text/html"
print "Set-Cookie: session=12345"
print # 多加一个换行表示HTTP Header部分结束
代码:
setcookie.py
- #!/usr/bin/env python
- import Cookie
- import datetime
- import random
- expiration = datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=30)
- cookie = Cookie.SimpleCookie()
- cookie["session"] = random.randint(0,1000000000)
- cookie["session"]["domain"] = "localhost"
- cookie["session"]["path"] = "/"
- cookie["session"]["expires"] = \
- expiration.strftime("%a, %d-%b-%Y %H:%M:%S PST")
- print "Content-type: text/plain"
- print cookie.output()
- print "Cookie set with: " + cookie.output()
#!/usr/bin/env python
import Cookie
import datetime
import random
expiration = datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=30)
cookie = Cookie.SimpleCookie()
cookie["session"] = random.randint(0,1000000000)
cookie["session"]["domain"] = "localhost"
cookie["session"]["path"] = "/"
cookie["session"]["expires"] = \
expiration.strftime("%a, %d-%b-%Y %H:%M:%S PST")
print "Content-type: text/plain"
print cookie.output()
print
print "Cookie set with: " + cookie.output()
getcookie.py
- #!/usr/bin/env python
- import Cookie
- import os
- print "Content-type: text/plain\n"
- try:
- cookie = Cookie.SimpleCookie(os.environ["HTTP_COOKIE"])
- print "session = " + cookie["session"].value
- except (Cookie.CookieError, KeyError):
- print "session cookie not set!"
六、Cookies与会话对象
如果某个响应中包含一些Cookie,你可以快速访问它们:
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import requests
r = requests.get( 'http://www.google.com.hk/' )
print (r.cookies[ 'NID' ])
print ( tuple (r.cookies))
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要想发送你的cookies到服务器,可以使用 cookies 参数:
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import requests
url = 'http://httpbin.org/cookies'
cookies = { 'testCookies_1' : 'Hello_Python3' , 'testCookies_2' : 'Hello_Requests' }
# 在Cookie Version 0中规定空格、方括号、圆括号、等于号、逗号、双引号、斜杠、问号、@,冒号,分号等特殊符号都不能作为Cookie的内容。
r = requests.get(url, cookies = cookies)
print (r.json())
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会话对象让你能够跨请求保持某些参数,最方便的是在同一个Session实例发出的所有请求之间保持cookies,且这些都是自动处理的,甚是方便。
下面就来一个真正的实例,如下是快盘签到脚本:
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import requests
headers = { 'Accept' : 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8' ,
'Accept-Encoding' : 'gzip, deflate, compress' ,
'Accept-Language' : 'en-us;q=0.5,en;q=0.3' ,
'Cache-Control' : 'max-age=0' ,
'Connection' : 'keep-alive' ,
'User-Agent' : 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:22.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/22.0' }
s = requests.Session()
s.headers.update(headers)
# s.auth = ('superuser', '123')
s.get( 'https://www.kuaipan.cn/account_login.htm' )
_URL = 'http://www.kuaipan.cn/index.php'
s.post(_URL, params = { 'ac' : 'account' , 'op' : 'login' },
data = { 'username' : '****@foxmail.com' , 'userpwd' : '********' , 'isajax' : 'yes' })
r = s.get(_URL, params = { 'ac' : 'zone' , 'op' : 'taskdetail' })
print (r.json())
s.get(_URL, params = { 'ac' : 'common' , 'op' : 'usersign' })
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