python 字符串

1.什么是字符串

• 用引号引起来的一串字符
• 用引号来创建字符串
  • 单引号
  • 双引号
  • 三单引号
  • 三双引号

引号使用需要注意匹配关系，且不可以换行，如果要换行，三单引号或者三双引号。

pm = '''轻轻的我走了，
正如我轻轻的来。'''
print(pm)

轻轻的我走了，
正如我轻轻的来。

2.字符串的运算及常见操作

2.1拼接

a = ["Hello"]b = [",Python."]
print(a+b)

[‘Hello’, ‘,Python.’]

拼接的对象必须是同一类型。

2.2重复

a="city college  "
print(a*3)

city college city college city college

2.3索引（偏移）

sr="Python"
print(len(sr))
for i in range(len(sr)):
    print(sr[i],end="")

Python

2.4切片

sr="Life is short,you need python."
print(len(sr))
print(sr[::-1]) #从 到 步长

30
.nohtyp deen uoy,trohs si efiL

2.5大小写转换

sr="Life is short,you need python."
print(sr.lower())    #小写
print(sr.upper())    #大写
print(sr.swapcase())   #大小写互换
print(sr.title())   #每个单词第一个字母大写
print(sr.capitalize())   #每句第一个字母大写

life is short,you need python.
LIFE IS SHORT,YOU NEED PYTHON.
lIFE IS SHORT,YOU NEED PYTHON.
Life Is Short,You Need Python.
Life is short,you need python.

2.6验证码确认

certid="AbCd"
ipt = input("请输入验证码：")
if ipt.lower() == certid.lower():
    print("输入成功")
else:
    print("输入错误，请重试")

请输入验证码：adcb
输入错误，请重试。

2.7字符串的格式对齐

# - sr.center([len],[填充符号]),居中对齐
# - sr.ljust([len],[填充符号]),居左对齐
# - sr.rjust([len],[填充符号]),居右对齐
# - sr.zfill([len],[填充符号]),居右对齐，默认填充0
sr = "Life is short,you need python."
print(sr.center(41,"#"))
print(sr.ljust(41,"#"))
print(sr.rjust(41,"#"))
print(sr.zfill(41))

######Life is short,you need python.#####
Life is short,you need python.###########
###########Life is short,you need python.
00000000000Life is short,you need python.

2.8删除指定字符

# - sr.strip()
# - sr.lstrip()
# - sr.rstrip()
sr = "#####Life is short,you need python.#####"
print(sr.strip("#"))

2.9计数

# - sr.count()
# ####01234567893423525252522
sr = "Life is short,you need python."
print(sr.count('o',11,14))     #sr[11]到sr[14]这个范围有多少个o

0

2.10字符串搜索定位和替换

# - sr.find(),查找元素并返回第一次出现的元素的索引值,查不到返回-1
# - sr.index()，查找元素并返回第一次出现的元素的索引值,报错
# - sr.rindex, 从右往左查找
# - sr.replace([现有],[替新])
sr = "Life is short,you need python."
print(sr.find('z',19,25))
print(sr.index('z',19,25))
print(sr.rindex('e'))
print(sr.replace('t','T',1))

2.11字符串条件判断

#字符串条件判断
# - isalnum 是否由数字或字母组成
# - isalpha 是否由字母组成
# - isdigits 是否由数字组成
a = "abc666def"
b = "abc"
print(a.isalpha())

False

2.12制表符的转化

sr = "Life\tis short,you need python."
print(sr.expandtabs())

Life is short,you need python.

2.13字符串的分割变化

#字符串的分割变化
# - join(),将指定字符插到元素之间
# - split(),以指定字符分割字符串并除去该字符
# - partition(),以指定字符分割字符串并保留该字符
sr = "Life is short,you need python."
print('+'.join(sr))
li =["I ","Love ","Python."]
print(''.join(li))
print(sr.split('o',2))
print(sr.partition('o'))

L+i+f+e+ +i+s+ +s+h+o+r+t+,+y+o+u+ +n+e+e+d+ +p+y+t+h+o+n+.
I Love Python.
[‘Life is sh’, ‘rt,y’, ‘u need python.’]
(‘Life is sh’, ‘o’, ‘rt,you need python.’)

2.14ASCII值和字符转化

#ord() 字符--->ASCII
#chr() ASCII--->字符
for i in range(ord('a'),ord('z')+1):
    print(chr(i),end=" ")

a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z

• 拓展

#string模块
import string
print(dir(string))
print(string.ascii_letters)
print(string.ascii_lowercase)
print(string.ascii_uppercase)

[‘Formatter’, ‘Template’, ‘_ChainMap’, ‘_TemplateMetaclass’, ‘all’, ‘builtins’, ‘cached’, ‘doc’, ‘file’, ‘loader’, ‘name’, ‘package’, ‘spec’, ‘_re’, ‘_string’, ‘ascii_letters’, ‘ascii_lowercase’, ‘ascii_uppercase’, ‘capwords’, ‘digits’, ‘hexdigits’, ‘octdigits’, ‘printable’, ‘punctuation’, ‘whitespace’]
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

八进制，十六进制:

for i in range(8):
    print(oct(i),end=" ")
print()
for i in range(16):
    print(hex(i),end=" ")
print()
print('%o' % 17)   #八进制
print('%x' % 17)   #十六进制