Java类加载器

• 类的生命周期
• 类加载器种类
  Bootstrap ClassLoader：根类加载器，加载jdk/lib下的类。
  Extention ClassLoader：扩展类加载器，加载jdk/lib/extention下的类，jdk9后改为Platform ClassLoader。
  Application CalssLoader：应用程序类加载器，加载普通的应用程序。

package example;

import javax.xml.crypto.Data;

public class Test1 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        System.out.println("--- current app");
        ClassLoader classLoader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
        while (classLoader != null) {
            System.out.println(classLoader.toString());
            classLoader = classLoader.getParent();
        }

        System.out.println("--- class String");
        classLoader = String.class.getClassLoader();
        while (classLoader != null) {
            System.out.println(classLoader.toString());
            classLoader = classLoader.getParent();
        }

        System.out.println("--- class javax.xml.crypto.Data");
        classLoader = Data.class.getClassLoader();
        while (classLoader != null) {
            System.out.println(classLoader.toString());
            classLoader = classLoader.getParent();
        }

    }
}

运行结果：

--- current app
jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$AppClassLoader@512ddf17
jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$PlatformClassLoader@54a097cc
--- class String
--- class javax.xml.crypto.Data
jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$PlatformClassLoader@54a097cc

• 类加载机制
  双亲委派机制：
  线程应用上下文加载器:
  Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader() // 获取当前线程的类加载器
  Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(classLoader) // 设置当前线程类加载器
  如果没有设置默认继承父线程的类上下文加载器

package example;

public class Test3 {

    public static void main (String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().toString());

        Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {
            run();
        });
        t1.start();

        Thread t2 = new Thread(() -> {
            run();
        });
        t2.setContextClassLoader(new Test2.TestClassLoader());
        t2.start();
    }

    public static void run() {
        ClassLoader loader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
        System.out.println(loader.toString());
        try {
            loader.loadClass("example.Test1");
            System.out.println("load success");
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            System.out.println("load fail");
        }
    }
}

运行结果：

jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$AppClassLoader@512ddf17
jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$AppClassLoader@512ddf17
load fail
example.Test2$TestClassLoader@3d24753a
/Users/qiuyingzhai/kuaishou-java/quality/class-loader/target/test-classes/example/Test1.class
load success

• 类加载方式
  ClassLoader loader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
  Class cls = loader.loadClass(“com.example.Test”); // 会findClass并且加载

  Class cls = Class.forName(“com.example.Test”); // 不会findClass

• 自定义类加载器
  为什么要自定义类加载器
  如何自定义加载器

package example;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

public class Test2 {

    public static class TestClassLoader extends ClassLoader {

        @Override
        protected Class<?> findClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException {

            String path = "/quality/class-loader/src/main/java/" + name.replaceAll("\\.", "\\/");
            System.out.println(path);

            ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            try {

                InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(path);
                byte[] bytes = new byte[2048];
                int len = 0;

                while ((len = inputStream.read(bytes)) != -1) {
                      outputStream.write(bytes, 0, len);
                }

            } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            byte[] bytes = outputStream.toByteArray();
            return defineClass(name, bytes, 0, bytes.length);
        }
    }

    public static void main (String[] args)
            throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException,
            InstantiationException {

        ClassLoader classLoader = new TestClassLoader();
        Class T = classLoader.loadClass("example.Test1");
        Object t = T.getConstructor(null).newInstance(null);
        Method m = T.getMethod("main", new String[0].getClass());
        m.invoke(null, (Object) new String[0]);
    }
}

运行结果：

--- current app
jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$AppClassLoader@512ddf17
jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$PlatformClassLoader@54a097cc
--- class String
--- class javax.xml.crypto.Data
jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$PlatformClassLoader@54a097cc