Python 发送邮件 email 模块、smtplib 模块

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-11 21:13:52 发布

tz_zs

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-11 21:13:52 发布

阅读量8.1k

点赞数 3

分类专栏： # Python 综合文章标签： email smtplib

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/tz_zs/article/details/81672466

版权

Python 综合专栏收录该内容

67 篇文章 1 订阅

订阅专栏

____tz_zs

SMTP

email 模块：负则构造邮件
smtplib 模块：负则发送邮件

一、发送纯文本邮件

from email.header import Header
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
import re
import smtplib

# 发送者、接收者
from_addr = 'xxxname@yyy.cn'
password = 'zzz'
to_addrs = 'xxxxto@foxmail.com'
# 服务器、端口
smtp_host = 'smtp.exmail.qq.com'  # SMTP 服务器主机
smtp_port = 465  # SMTP 服务器端口号

# 创建 SMTP 对象
smtp_obj = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(host=smtp_host, port=smtp_port)

#创建 MIMEText 对象
msg = MIMEText(_text="My email content, hello！", _subtype="plain", _charset="utf-8")  # _text="邮件内容"
msg["Subject"] = Header(s="The title", charset="utf-8")  # 标题
msg["From"] = Header(s=from_addr)  # 发送者
msg["To"] = Header(s=to_addrs)  # 接收者
print(msg.as_string())
"""
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Subject: =?utf-8?q?The_title?=
From: xxxname@yyy.cn
To: xxxx@foxmail.com

TXkgZW1haWwgY29udGVudCwgaGVsbG/vvIE=
"""

# 使用 SMTP 对象登录、发送邮件
smtp_obj.login(user=from_addr, password=password)
smtp_obj.sendmail(from_addr=from_addr, to_addrs=to_addrs, msg=msg.as_string())
smtp_obj.quit()

MIMEText 对象

MIMEText 类是 MIMENonMultipart 类的子类，用于生成文本类型的邮件。邮件由标题，发信人，收件人，邮件内容，附件等构成。
MIMEText(_text=“My email content, hello！”, _subtype=“plain”, _charset=“utf-8”)
参数：

_text="" 为邮件内容
_subtype=“plain” 设置文本格式。默认为普通（plain）
_charset=“utf-8” 设置字符编码格式，默认为 us-ascii。从源码可看出，当 _test 中包含 ascii 之外的字符，则将使用 utf-8 编码

MIMENonMultipart源码:
由源码可知，此类及其子类不能调用 attach 函数添加额外的 part。
MIMENonMultipart 的子类有：

MIMEImage: generating image/* type MIME documents.
MIMEAudio: generating audio/* MIME documents.
MIMEApplication: generating application/* MIME documents.
MIMEMessage: representing message/* MIME documents.
MIMEText: generating text/* type MIME documents.

class MIMEText(MIMENonMultipart):
    """Class for generating text/* type MIME documents."""
    def __init__(self, _text, _subtype='plain', _charset=None):
        """Create a text/* type MIME document.

        _text is the string for this message object.

        _subtype is the MIME sub content type, defaulting to "plain".

        _charset is the character set parameter added to the Content-Type
        header.  This defaults to "us-ascii".  Note that as a side-effect, the
        Content-Transfer-Encoding header will also be set.
        """

        # If no _charset was specified, check to see if there are non-ascii
        # characters present. If not, use 'us-ascii', otherwise use utf-8.
        # XXX: This can be removed once #7304 is fixed.
        if _charset is None:
            try:
                _text.encode('us-ascii')
                _charset = 'us-ascii'
            except UnicodeEncodeError:
                _charset = 'utf-8'
        if isinstance(_charset, Charset):
            _charset = str(_charset)

        MIMENonMultipart.__init__(self, 'text', _subtype,
                                  **{'charset': _charset})

        self.set_payload(_text, _charset)

class MIMENonMultipart(MIMEBase):
    """Base class for MIME non-multipart type messages."""

    def attach(self, payload):
        # The public API prohibits attaching multiple subparts to MIMEBase
        # derived subtypes since none of them are, by definition, of content
        # type multipart/*
        raise errors.MultipartConversionError(
            'Cannot attach additional subparts to non-multipart/*')

sendmail()函数

sendmail(self, from_addr, to_addrs, msg, mail_options=[], rcpt_options=[])
参数：
from_addr: 发出邮件的地址
to_addrs: 一个list，包括要发送邮件的邮箱地址。也可以是一个字符串，这时会被当成长度为1的list。
msg: 消息

二、发送HTML邮件

只需在创建 MIMEText 时，将 _subtype 设置为 “html”，则可发送 html 格式的邮件，其他步骤和发送纯文本邮件一致。

如果要同时发送邮件给多个目标邮箱，只需使用 list 包裹多个邮箱地址即可。需要注意的是，邮件的 “To” 字段部分需要的是字符串。

# 发送者、接收者
from_addr = 'xxxuser@yyy.cn'
password = 'xxxpassword'
# to_addrs = "zzz@gmail.com"
to_addrs = 'zzz@foxmail.com'

# 创建 SMTP 对象
smtp_host = 'smtp.exmail.qq.com'  # SMTP 服务器主机
smtp_port = 465  # SMTP 服务器端口号
smtp_obj = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(host=smtp_host, port=smtp_port)

str = """
<html>
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
    </head>
    <body>
    <h1 align="center">html 标题</h1>
    <p>正文</p>
    <br>
    <a href="https://www.baidu.com/" target="_blank" title="点击跳转到百度">一个超链接</a>
    <br>
    </body>
</html>
"""

msg = MIMEText(_text=str, _subtype="html", _charset="utf-8")  # _text="邮件内容"
msg["Subject"] = Header(s="发送 html 邮件", charset="utf-8")  # 标题
msg["From"] = Header(s=from_addr)  # 发送者
msg["To"] = Header(s='; '.join(to_addrs))  # 接收者
print(msg.as_string())
"""
Content-Type: text/html; charset="utf-8"
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Subject: =?utf-8?b?5Y+R6YCBIGh0bWwg6YKu5Lu2?=
From: xxxuser@yyy.cn
To: yyy@foxmail.com; yyy@gmail.com

CjxodG1sPgogICAgPGhlYWQ+CiAgICAgICAgPG1ldGEgY2hhcnNldD0iVVRGLTgiPgogICAgPC9o
ZWFkPgogICAgPGJvZHk+CiAgICA8aDEgYWxpZ249ImNlbnRlciI+aHRtbCDmoIfpopg8L2gxPgog
ICAgPHA+5q2j5paHPC9wPgogICAgPGJyPgogICAgPGEgaHJlZj0iaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYmFpZHUu
Y29tLyIgdGFyZ2V0PSJfYmxhbmsiIHRpdGxlPSLngrnlh7vot7PovazliLDnmb7luqYiPuS4gOS4
qui2hemTvuaOpTwvYT4KICAgIDxicj4KICAgIDwvYm9keT4KPC9odG1sPgo=
"""

# 使用 SMTP 对象发送邮件
smtp_obj.login(user=from_addr, password=password)
smtp_obj.sendmail(from_addr=from_addr, to_addrs=to_addrs, msg=msg.as_string())
smtp_obj.quit()

三、发送带附件的邮件


#!/usr/bin/python2.7
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

"""
@author:    tz_zs
"""

from email.header import Header
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
import smtplib

# 发送者、接收者
from_addr = 'xxxsend@yyy.cn'
password = '12345678'
to_addrs = ['zzz@foxmail.com', 'zzz@gmail.com']

# 创建 SMTP 对象
smtp_host = 'smtp.exmail.qq.com'  # SMTP 服务器主机
smtp_port = 465  # SMTP 服务器端口号
smtp_obj = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(host=smtp_host, port=smtp_port)

str = """
<html>
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
    </head>
    <body>
    <h1 align="center">html 标题</h1>
    <p>正文</p>
    <br>
    <a href="https://www.baidu.com/" target="_blank" title="点击跳转到百度">一个超链接</a>
    <br>
    </body>
</html>
"""

msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg["Subject"] = Header(s="发送带附件的邮件", charset="utf-8")  # 标题
msg["From"] = Header(s=from_addr)  # 发送者
msg["To"] = Header(s='; '.join(to_addrs))  # 接收者

# 邮件正文
msg.attach(payload=MIMEText(_text="My email content, hello！", _subtype="plain", _charset="utf-8"))

# 附件1
file_path = 'test.xls'
att1 = MIMEText(_text=open(file_path, "rb").read(), _subtype="base64", _charset="utf-8")
att1["Content-Type"] = "application/octet-stream"
att1["Content-Disposition"] = "attachment; filename=%s" % file_path  # filename 可以任意写，写什么名字，邮件中显示什么名字。但是不要写中文
msg.attach(payload=att1)

# 附件2
file_path2 = 'a.png'
att2 = MIMEText(_text=open(file_path2, "rb").read(), _subtype="base64", _charset="utf-8")
att2["Content-Type"] = "application/octet-stream"
att2["Content-Disposition"] = "attachment; filename=%s" % file_path2  # filename 可以任意写，写什么名字，邮件中显示什么名字。但是不要写中文
msg.attach(payload=att2)

print(msg.as_string())
"""
Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="===============0753960931152521813=="
MIME-Version: 1.0
Subject: =?utf-8?b?5Y+R6YCB5bim6ZmE5Lu255qE6YKu5Lu2?=
From: xxxsend@yyy.cn
To: zzz@foxmail.com; zzz@gmail.com

--===============0753960931152521813==
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64

TXkgZW1haWwgY29udGVudCwgaGVsbG/vvIE=

--===============0753960931152521813==
Content-Type: text/base64; charset="utf-8"
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=test.xls

......
......
......
"""

# 使用 SMTP 对象发送邮件
smtp_obj.login(user=from_addr, password=password)
smtp_obj.sendmail(from_addr=from_addr, to_addrs=to_addrs, msg=msg.as_string())
smtp_obj.quit()

四、发送带图片展示的邮件


def send_img_mail(self):
    """用于发送带图片的邮件"""
    # 发送者、接收者
    from_addr = 'xxx@yyy.cn'
    password = 'xyz'
    to_addrs = ["bbb@yyy.cn", "jjj@yyy.cn", "ccc@yyy.cn", ]

    # 创建 SMTP 对象
    smtp_host = 'smtp.exmail.qq.com'  # SMTP 服务器主机
    smtp_port = 465  # SMTP 服务器端口号
    smtp_obj = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(host=smtp_host, port=smtp_port)

    msg = MIMEMultipart()
    msg["Subject"] = Header(s="发送带图片显示的邮件", charset="utf-8")  # 标题
    msg["From"] = Header(s=from_addr)  # 发送者
    msg["To"] = Header(s='; '.join(to_addrs))  # 接收者

    # 邮件正文
    message = """
        <html>
        <head>
            <meta charset="UTF-8">
        </head>
        <body>
        <h1 align="center">状态监控</h1>
        <b>本邮件发送时间： %s</b>
        <br>
        <b>状态报告： %s</b>
        <h3>走势：</h3>
        <p><img src="cid:image1"></p>
        </body>
        </html>
        """ % (ToolDate.get_ymdhms_string(), self.df.to_html())
    # 创建 MIMEText ，并加入msg
    msg.attach(payload=MIMEText(_text=message, _subtype="html", _charset="utf-8"))

    # 加载图片内容，创建 MIMEImage
    fp = open(self.path_output_open + "zusd_value_portfolio.png", 'rb')
    msgImage = MIMEImage(fp.read())
    fp.close()
    # 定义图片 ID，与 HTML 文本中的引用id一致
    msgImage.add_header('Content-ID', '<image1>')
	# 加入msg
    msg.attach(msgImage)

    # 使用 SMTP 对象发送邮件
    smtp_obj.login(user=from_addr, password=password)
    smtp_obj.sendmail(from_addr=from_addr, to_addrs=to_addrs, msg=msg.as_string())
    smtp_obj.quit()