[C#]路由跟踪tracert

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.NetworkInformation;

namespace tracert
{
    class Program
    {
        static byte[] PING_BUFFER = new byte[] { 0 };

        static int g_nHops = 30;
        static int g_nTimeout = 3000;
        static bool g_bCanceled = false;

        public struct ICMP_PARAM
        {
            internal long m_nSendTicks;
            internal IPAddress m_IPAddress;
            internal PingOptions m_PingOptions;
        }

        static void icmp_PingCompleted(object sender, PingCompletedEventArgs e)
        {
            ICMP_PARAM param = (ICMP_PARAM)e.UserState;
            long nDeltaMS = (DateTime.Now.Ticks - param.m_nSendTicks) / TimeSpan.TicksPerMillisecond;
            Console.WriteLine("{0}:\t{1} ms\t{2}",
                    param.m_PingOptions.Ttl,
                    (e.Reply.Status == IPStatus.TimedOut) ? "*" : nDeltaMS.ToString(),
                    e.Reply.Address.ToString());

            if (param.m_IPAddress.Equals(e.Reply.Address))
            {
                Console.WriteLine("已到达目标地址！");
                g_bCanceled = true;
                return;
            }

            if (param.m_PingOptions.Ttl >= g_nHops)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("已达到最大跃点计数！");
                g_bCanceled = true;
                return;
            }

            Ping icmp = (Ping)sender;
            param.m_PingOptions.Ttl++;
            param.m_nSendTicks = DateTime.Now.Ticks;
            icmp.SendAsync(param.m_IPAddress, g_nTimeout, PING_BUFFER, param.m_PingOptions, param);
        }

        static void Usage()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Usage: {0} [-h max_hops] [-w timeout] ip/domain", Process.GetCurrentProcess().ProcessName);
        }

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            string szDomain = "";
            if (args.Length == 0)
            {
                Usage();
                return;
            }
            else
            {
                string szTmp = "";
                for (int i = 0; i < args.Length; i++)
                {
                    if (args[i].StartsWith("-"))
                    {
                        if (args[i].Length == 2)
                        {
                            if (i + 1 < args.Length)
                            {
                                szTmp = args[i + 1];
                            }
                            else
	                        {
                                Usage();
                                return;
	                        }
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            szTmp = args[i].Substring(2);
                        }

                        switch (args[i][1])
	                    {
                            case 'h':
                            case 'H':
                                if (!int.TryParse(szTmp, out g_nHops))
                                {
                                    Usage();
                                    return;
                                }
                                break;

                            case 'w':
                            case 'W':
                                if (!int.TryParse(szTmp, out g_nTimeout))
                                {
                                    Usage();
                                    return;
                                }
                                break;

		                    default:
                                Usage();
                                return;
	                    }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        szDomain = args[i];
                    }
                }
            }

            Console.CancelKeyPress += new ConsoleCancelEventHandler(Console_CancelKeyPress);

            ICMP_PARAM param = new ICMP_PARAM();
            param.m_PingOptions = new PingOptions(1, false);
            if (!IPAddress.TryParse(szDomain, out param.m_IPAddress))
            {
                // 解析域名
                try
                {
                    Regex regEx = new Regex("\\d+\\.\\d+\\.\\d+\\.\\d+");
                    IPHostEntry hostEntry = Dns.GetHostEntry(szDomain);
                    foreach (IPAddress ipAddr in hostEntry.AddressList)
                    {
                        if (regEx.IsMatch(ipAddr.ToString()))
                        {
                            param.m_IPAddress = ipAddr;
                            break;
                        }
                    }

                    if (param.m_IPAddress == null)
                    {
                        Usage();
                        return;
                    }

                    Console.WriteLine("正在跟踪到 {0}[{1}] 间的路由：", szDomain, param.m_IPAddress.ToString());
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString());
                    return;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                Console.WriteLine("正在跟踪到 {0} 间的路由：", param.m_IPAddress.ToString());
            }

            Ping icmp = new Ping();
            icmp.PingCompleted += new PingCompletedEventHandler(icmp_PingCompleted);

            param.m_nSendTicks = DateTime.Now.Ticks;
            icmp.SendAsync(param.m_IPAddress, g_nTimeout, PING_BUFFER, param.m_PingOptions, param);

            while (!g_bCanceled)
            {
                Thread.Sleep(1);
            }
        }

        static void Console_CancelKeyPress(object sender, ConsoleCancelEventArgs e)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("程序被终止！");
        }
    }
}

 

tracert的原理比较简单，每个路由器收到ICMP报文都会将TTL减一再发送到下一个路由，当TTL减少到0时将值返回源IP地址，可以利用这个原理从1开始逐步增加TTL的值来获取到指定IP路径上经过的路由IP。附上的代码是C#控制台代码。