高效的显示位图（五）：管理位图内…

- 除了缓冲机制，还有其它措施可以用来为垃圾回收和位图重用增加便利

- 针对不同版本：

• Android 2.2及以前版本，当垃圾回收启动，应用中的线程全部停止，这导致性能损失，Android 2.3.3引入并发垃圾回收机制
• Android 2.3.3及更早版本，像素数据存储在本地内存，与为图对象（存储于虚拟机堆）本身隔离。本地内存数据无法以可以预知的方式释放，致使程序可能超过内存限制而崩溃。Android 3.0以后，像素数据也存储于虚拟机堆

- 本篇展示如何根据不同版本优化位图内存管理

Android 2.3.3以下版本内存管理

- recycle()方法：允许应用尽快回收内存

private int mCacheRefCount = 0;
private int mDisplayRefCount = 0;
...
// Notify the drawable that the displayed state has changed.
// Keep a count to determine when the drawable is no longer displayed.
public void setIsDisplayed(boolean isDisplayed) {

    synchronized (this) {

        if (isDisplayed) {

            mDisplayRefCount++;

            mHasBeenDisplayed = true;

        } else {

            mDisplayRefCount--;

        }

    }

    // Check to see if recycle() can be called.

    checkState();
}


// Notify the drawable that the cache state has changed.
// Keep a count to determine when the drawable is no longer being cached.
public void setIsCached(boolean isCached) {

    synchronized (this) {

        if (isCached) {

            mCacheRefCount++;

        } else {

            mCacheRefCount--;

        }

    }

    // Check to see if recycle() can be called.

    checkState();
}


private synchronized void checkState() {

    // If the drawable cache and display ref counts = 0, and this drawable

    // has been displayed, then recycle.

    if (mCacheRefCount <= 0 && mDisplayRefCount <= 0 && mHasBeenDisplayed

            && hasValidBitmap()) {

        getBitmap().recycle();

    }
}


private synchronized boolean hasValidBitmap() {

    Bitmap bitmap = getBitmap();

    return bitmap != null && !bitmap.isRecycled();
}

Android 3.0以上版本内存管理

- BitmapFactory.Options.inBitmap：解码器将尝试重用已经存在的位图对象：

• 被重用的位图对象必须与源内容大小一致，并且是JPG或PNG格式
• 被重用的位图的configuration将覆盖inPreferredConfig设置，如果有的话
• 你应该使用解码方法返回的位图对象。被重用的位图不一定还能用

* 保存一个位图待用：

- 如何保存一个已经存在的位图

HashSet<SoftReference<Bitmap>> mReusableBitmaps;
private LruCache<String, BitmapDrawable> mMemoryCache;


// If you're running on Honeycomb or newer, create
// a HashSet of references to reusable bitmaps.
if (Utils.hasHoneycomb()) {

    mReusableBitmaps = new HashSet<SoftReference<Bitmap>>();
}



mMemoryCache = new LruCache<String, BitmapDrawable>(mCacheParams.memCacheSize) {



    // Notify the removed entry that is no longer being cached.

    @Override

    protected void entryRemoved(boolean evicted, String key,

            BitmapDrawable oldValue, BitmapDrawable newValue) {

        if (RecyclingBitmapDrawable.class.isInstance(oldValue)) {

            // The removed entry is a recycling drawable, so notify it

            // that it has been removed from the memory cache.

            ((RecyclingBitmapDrawable) oldValue).setIsCached(false);

        } else {

            // The removed entry is a standard BitmapDrawable.

            if (Utils.hasHoneycomb()) {

                // We're running on Honeycomb or later, so add the bitmap

                // to a SoftReference set for possible use with inBitmap later.

                mReusableBitmaps.add

                        (new SoftReference<Bitmap>(oldValue.getBitmap()));

            }

        }

    }
....
}

* 使用现有的位图：

- 解码方法检查是否有现存的位图可用：

public static Bitmap decodeSampledBitmapFromFile(String filename,

        int reqWidth, int reqHeight, ImageCache cache) {



    final BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();

    ...

    BitmapFactory.decodeFile(filename, options);

    ...



    // If we're running on Honeycomb or newer, try to use inBitmap.

    if (Utils.hasHoneycomb()) {

        addInBitmapOptions(options, cache);

    }

    ...

    return BitmapFactory.decodeFile(filename, options);
}

- addInBitmapOptions()：

private static void addInBitmapOptions(BitmapFactory.Options options,

        ImageCache cache) {

    // inBitmap only works with mutable bitmaps, so force the decoder to

    // return mutable bitmaps.

    options.inMutable = true;



    if (cache != null) {

        // Try to find a bitmap to use for inBitmap.

        Bitmap inBitmap = cache.getBitmapFromReusableSet(options);



        if (inBitmap != null) {

            // If a suitable bitmap has been found, set it as the value of

            // inBitmap.

            options.inBitmap = inBitmap;

        }

    }
}


// This method iterates through the reusable bitmaps, looking for one 
// to use for inBitmap:
protected Bitmap getBitmapFromReusableSet(BitmapFactory.Options options) {

        Bitmap bitmap = null;



    if (mReusableBitmaps != null && !mReusableBitmaps.isEmpty()) {

        final Iterator<SoftReference<Bitmap>> iterator

                = mReusableBitmaps.iterator();

        Bitmap item;



        while (iterator.hasNext()) {

            item = iterator.next().get();



            if (null != item && item.isMutable()) {

                // Check to see it the item can be used for inBitmap.

                if (canUseForInBitmap(item, options)) {

                    bitmap = item;



                    // Remove from reusable set so it can't be used again.

                    iterator.remove();

                    break;

                }

            } else {

                // Remove from the set if the reference has been cleared.

                iterator.remove();

            }

        }

    }

    return bitmap;
}

- 最后，此方法检查找到的位图对象是否可用：

private static boolean canUseForInBitmap(

        Bitmap candidate, BitmapFactory.Options targetOptions) {

    int width = targetOptions.outWidth / targetOptions.inSampleSize;

    int height = targetOptions.outHeight / targetOptions.inSampleSize;



    // Returns true if "candidate" can be used for inBitmap re-use with

    // "targetOptions".

    return candidate.getWidth() == width && candidate.getHeight() == height;
}